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【題目】閱讀下面文字,完成各題。

材料一

圓夢正當時,中國夢激蕩最大海歸潮

優惠的政府政策、全球最活躍的經濟、快速發展的高新產業、持續投入的科教事業、濃厚的創新創業氛圍以及海內外人才、項目、技術、市場、資本、場地、服務全面對接的平臺,正吸引越來越多海外學子歸國追夢。

國外媒體評價,全球沒有哪個國家像中國這樣重視、這樣大規模、這樣專業化地吸引人才回國。

現在,海歸回國主要是被回來的。中國歐美同學會副會長王輝耀說,隨著綜合國力不斷提升,中國比歷史上任何時期都更加靠近世界舞臺中心,也比以往任何時期更有條件、更有能力吸引全球人才。

詹天佑、茅以升、錢學森、鄧稼先……縱觀歷史,一批又一批莘莘學子赴外求學、歸國興邦。

今天,除了擁有前輩們的愛國之情、強國之志、報國之行,吸引大量海歸人才歸來的,還包括自我價值與個人夢想的實現。

然而,在全球競爭中發展成一個人才大國、人才強國,仍需下更大決心、更大力氣。一份面向全國200多所高校的問卷調查顯示,編制過死、編制偏緊是人才管理中面臨的最突出問題。從人才發展上看,經過多年努力,我國人才隊伍建設取得巨大成就,但還存在體制不順、機制不活、布局不優、效率不高等困境,破解這些瓶頸,唯有堅定不移地深化改革。

(選自2月22日《人民日報》,有刪改)

附圖:

材料二

新東方海威時代與全球化智庫(CCG)共同發布了《2016年中國海歸就業調查報告》!秷蟾妗凤@示,六成企業在招聘時仍更傾向于使用海歸人才,而82.5%的單位均在一定程度上對海歸員工采取了傾斜性優待(如更核心的崗位,較高起薪等)。

而機遇與挑戰并存的是,身處海外的留學生在回歸本土職場的過程中也遭遇了些許不利因素!秷蟾妗方Y果顯示,多數企業的招聘崗位數量,招聘時間,招聘渠道對海歸求職較為不利。同時,海歸人才在求職過程中也暴露出對國內就業形勢不了解,錯過企業招聘季以及缺乏明確職業規劃等問題。超過50%的海歸認為不了解國內就業形勢和企業需求是回國就業的第一不利因素,同時47.3%和32.4%的受訪人員認為回國時間錯過校招季以及崗位海投效率低這兩大因素導致了海歸回國就業難度增大。

(摘自中國新聞網,有刪改)

材料三

日前,楊振寧、姚期智兩位老科學家放棄外國國籍、轉為中科院院士一事,引發熱烈關注。

在輿論場上,以耄耋之齡回歸故土的楊振寧更是備受關注。已近百歲之齡的楊振寧,估計已不會如年輕時那般埋頭扎根于科研一線,或許正如他本人所述,我的身體里循環著的是父親的血液,是中華文化的血液,是文化的歸屬感讓他對故土戀戀不舍。亦或是科學上的引路精神讓他回來發揮余熱,為后來者指引前路,如他自己在詩中所說:學子凌云志,我當指路松。

楊振寧選擇入籍,是他對晚年道路的選擇,從某種程度上說,這與國家的道路選擇是交叉的。得益于改革開放三十多年來所創造的開放環境,對世界潮流的融入,楊振寧的歸來方才有了現實的可能;而楊振寧等一批海外科學家的歸來,又會給中國科研帶來從項目到建制與世界接軌的機會。

對于中國來說,迎來楊振寧桑榆晚年的同時,也不可否認,錯過了楊振寧最輝煌的科研生涯。由此,未來的方向也當因之厘清:讓更多科學家們愿意留在這片土地上,誕生出最精尖的科研成果,不僅是因為中華文化的血液,更因為是先進的設備、優厚的條件、社會的理智與尊重、環境的平和與包容。

(來自光明網,作者光明網評論員,有刪改)

【1】下列針對上訴材料的理解準確的一項是(

A.三則材料都認為在當下我國的海歸熱潮中,一方面海外留學人員踴躍回歸祖國,另一方面在人才回國的過程中還存在著一些亟待解決的問題。

B.第一則材料是一篇新聞報道,客觀地介紹了海外留學人才為實現自我價值和個人夢想,積極回國創業,釋放出巨大的發展能量。

C.第二則材料是調查報告,反映了海歸人才在回國求職就業過程中遇到的不利因素,為他們在國內的職業發展提出建議、指明方向。

D.第三則材料是新聞評論,該評論認為楊振寧回歸中國國籍這一事件彰顯中國改革開放的巨大成就,更體現了中華文化的吸引力。

【2】下列針對上述材料分析合理的兩項是(

A.我國出國留學及留學歸國人數逐年增加,出國人數和回國人數之間的差距逐年縮小。可以預見,在未來幾年,這樣的發展趨勢將持續下去。

B.在吸收海歸人才的過程中出現的問題,都源自我們在人才管理中編制過死,編制偏緊的體制,這些問題的解決需要堅定不移的深化改革。

C.海外科技人才的大量回歸,有助于我們學習借鑒世界各國的優秀科技成果,有助于中國科研從項目到建制與國際接軌。

D.楊振寧、姚期智兩位老科學家在耄耋之齡轉為中國公民,雖然已經不能在科研上為祖國做出貢獻,但他們為更多的海外精英做出了積極示范。

E.當前,無論是回國創業還是入職國內企業,海歸人才都能找到適合自己發揮的領域,可以很好的把個人的夢想和國家的發展緊密聯系起來。

【3】請綜合三則材料歸納我國當前出現海歸熱潮的主要原因。

答:

【答案】

【1】C

【2】AC

【3】國家政策引導扶持海外人才回國創業。中國國家實力的增強,與世界潮流接軌的強烈愿望。先進的設備、優厚的條件、社會的理智與尊重、環境的平和與包容從而因造出的濃厚的創新創業氛圍。海外人才的愛國之情、強國之志、報國之行。為了實現自我價值與個人夢想。

【解析】

【1】A項,第三則材料沒有指出海歸過程中存在的問題;B項,海歸回國并非只為了實現自我價值和個人夢想,而且還懷揣愛國之情、強國之志、報國之行。D項,不是體現文化吸引力,而是體現文化歸屬感。

【2】B項,吸收海外人才過程中的問題也有留學生自己對國內形勢不了解等原因;D項,老科學在科研上還可以起引領和示范的作用;E項,并非所有的海歸人才都能找到適合自己發揮的領域。

【3】海歸熱潮產生的原因無非有外因和內因(個人原因),外因包括國家層面(政策、國家實力、就業環境等)用人單位層面(先進的設備、優厚的條件等),內因包括個人的理想、價值觀等。

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