9.Virtual (虛擬) Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time.(51)E This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence,or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams.(52)A It is the way the team members communicate.They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies,such as emails,faxes,and teleconferences,and alike.Due to more limited communication channels,the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on,what people are selected,and how the team is managed.
(53)B One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work.That is to say,when each person's work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment,like in a sports team,there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time,and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment.(54)D Another important quality is communication skills.The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.
Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals,performance standards,and communication rules.People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.(55)G
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members.Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team.The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
A.Yet,there is one significant difference.
B.Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
C.A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
D.The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.
E.Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
F.Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face.
G.To avoid misunderstanding,clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
分析 文章大意:當人們沒有同時坐在同一間辦公室時,虛擬團隊是能使團隊合作的一種很好的方式,這種團隊現在被很多公司和組織廣泛使用來降低商業成本.
解答 51.E 根據下文,虛擬團隊尤其適用于用它建立國際覆蓋面的公司("This isparticularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build globalpresence…").這里應該是:這樣的團隊現在廣泛地被公司和組織使用,用它可以減少商業成本("Such teams arenow widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.").
52.A 前面講這種團隊的管理和傳統的一樣,后面講團隊成員之間的交流和傳統的不一樣,A項"但是,有一個重要的區別"在此承上啟下,符合語境.
53.B 根據下文,一種挑戰情況是嚴重依賴于協調工作的項目("One challengingcase is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work.").這里應該是:不是所有類型的項目都適合于虛擬團隊("Not every typeof project is suitable for a virtual team..").
54.D 由后面的"The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively."可知,此處是對團隊成員的要求,D項符合語境.
55.G 根據上文.關于對彼此的預期,人們有各種不同的設想("People havevarious assumptions on what to expect from each other.").這里應該是:為避免誤解,所有人理解、贊成的清楚的規定,這是必要的("To avoidmisunderstanding,clear rules thateveryone understands and agrees on are necessary.").
點評 該題備選項可分為主旨概括句(文章整體內容)、過渡性句子(文章結構)和注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)三類.其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設置,例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結構,注釋性句子與上文脫節等.