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7．The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals （個人） should pay for their higher education．
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual．Graduates earn more than non-graduates．Meanwhile，social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree．However，only some people have it．So the individual，not the taxpayers，should pay for it．There are pressing calls on the resources （資源） of the government．Using taxpayers'money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them．
Full government funding （資助） is not very good for universities．Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees．He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford，where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government．Guaranteed salaries，Smith argued，were the enemy of hard work； and when the academics were lazy and incompetent，the students were similarly lazy．
If students have to pay for their education，they not only work harder，but also demand more from their teachers．And their teachers have to keep them satisfied．If that means taking teaching seriously，and giving less time to their own res earch interests，that is surely something to celebrate．
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy （經濟）．Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest （投資） and create jobs．If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive，you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs．Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest．Therefore，it is the individual，not the government，who should pay for their university education．

68．The underlined word"them"in Paragraph 2 refers toB
A．taxpayers
B．pressing calls
C．college graduates
D．government resources
69．The author thinks that with full government fundingD
A．teachers are less satisfied
B．students are more demanding
C．students will become more competent
D．teachers will spend less time on teaching
70．The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order toA
A．argue against free university education
B．call on them to finance students'studies
C．encourage graduates to go into business
D．show their contribution to higher education．

分析 本文是說明文，主要講述的是高等教育成本，個人必須為其接受的高等教育付費，大學畢業生收入比非大學畢業生高．同時，社會流動更依賴于學歷．然而只有一些人擁有學歷．因此并非納稅人，而是個人必須為此付費． 有保障的薪酬是辛勤工作的宿敵，當教師變得懶惰與無能，學生也會同樣懶惰． 如果學生必須為其所受教育付費，他們不僅會更加努力地學習，還會希望從老師那里獲取更多．而且他們的老師必須使他們滿意．那意味著認真治學，且沒有太多時間讓他們從事為自己的利益進行的研究．

解答 12．B   詞意猜測題．根據本句中"There are pressing calls on the resources （資源） of the government．Using taxpayers'money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them．"可知，很多地方迫切需要政府資源．用納稅人的錢來幫助少數人在未來獲取高收入并非其中（迫切需要的政府資源）之一．故選B．
13．D   細節理解題．根據題干關鍵詞"full government funding"定位原文，根據第二段"Full government funding （資助） is not very good for universities…．and when the academics were lazy and incompetent，the students were similarly lazy．""lazy"轉換成"spend less time"故選D．
14．A   推理判斷題．根據第四段"Many people believe that higher education should be free…"可知，作者用來支持支持自己的論點（個人必須為其接受的高等教育付費），也就是要反對free higher education．

點評 解答細節理解題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干和選項中的關鍵詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案；推理判斷題既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態度、意圖及文章細節的發展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點．

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