Question

13．While some dictionaries define the word"right"as"a privilege"when used in the context of"human rights"，we are talking about something more basic．Originally，people had rights only because of their membership in a group，such as a family．Then，in 539 BC，Cyrus the Great，after conquering the city of Babylon，did something totally unexpected-he set all slaves free and let them return home．Moreover，he declared people should choose their own religion．Cyrus'statements are about the first"human rights"declaration in history．
    Every person has certain basic rights，simply by the fact of being human．These are called"human rights"rather than a privilege，which can be taken away at someone's sudden desire．They are"rights"because they are things you are allowed to be，to do or to have．These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you．They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace．
  Yet many people，when asked to name their rights，will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others．There is no question that these are important rights，but the full scope of human rights is very broad．They mean choice and opportunity．They mean the freedom to get a job，adopt a career，select a partner of one's choice and raise children．They include the right to travel widely and the right to work without trouble，abuse and threat of arbitrary （霸道） dismissal．They even embrace the right to leisure．
  In ages past，there were no human rights．Then the idea turned up that people should have certain freedoms．And that idea，following World War II，resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled． 

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in No more than 10 words）
78．In 539 BC，people were greatly surprised by Cyrus'ssetting slaves free and allowing people to choose their religion．
79．A privilege is different from Human rights in that itcan be taken away at someone's sudden desire．
80．How long have human rights officially existed？（For） 70 years
81．What's the main idea of the passage？The development/evolution/history of human rights．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要講了人權的發展史．每個人都有一定的基本權利．然而人權從最初的提出，和最終被人們接受實行，也經歷了很漫長的過程．

解答 78．答案：setting slaves free and allowing people to choose their religion．根據文章"Then，in 539 BC，Cyrus the Great，after conquering the city of Babylon，did something totally unexpected-he set all slaves free and let them return home．Moreover，he declared people should choose their own religion．"可知，在公元前539年，Cyrus允許奴隸自由，允許人們選擇他們的宗教信仰讓人們非常驚訝．故答案為："setting slaves free and allowing people to choose their religion"．
79．答案：can be taken away at someone's sudden desire．根據文章"These are called"human rights"rather than a privilege，which can be taken away at someone's sudden desire"可知，特權不同于人權，可以帶走別人的突然間的愿望．故此題答案為"can be taken away at someone's sudden desire"．
80．答案：（For） 70 years．根據文章"And that idea，following World War II，resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled．"可知，第二次世界大戰后，開始實施人權．第二次世界大戰在1945年結束，到至今大約有70年．故答案為"70 years"．
81．答案：The development/evolution/history of human rights．本文主要講了人權的發展史．從最初的提出，和最終被人們接受實行．經歷了很漫長的過程．故答案可寫成"The development/evolution/history of human rights"．

點評 本文是考察學生歷史文化類閱讀理解文章．這類文章常涉及歷史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文學藝術、發明創造、文化遺產保護、宗教與文化、風俗與習慣、道德與法制、中外文學名著節選、等等．這類材料的命題點往往落在主旨大意題、事實細節題．