A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 36 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 37 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only 38 for truth. He always 39 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 40 science may perhaps be considered to 41 as far back as the 42 of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who live 43 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 44 to suggest that we must learn science 45 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 46 many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642), was the greatest of several great men, 47 in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by 48 to show how many important 49 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 50 towards the earth than small ones, 51 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 52 of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 53 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s 54 of going direct to Nature, and proving our 55 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
1.A.use B.time C.speed D.trust
2.A.worked B.based C.lived D.written
3.A.reason B.cause C.advice D.result
4.A.thinks B.checks C.has D.learn
5.A.natural B.physical C.ancient D.modern
6.A.date B.keep C.look D.take
7.A.study B.time C.year D.birth
8.A.both B.each C.between D.among
9.A.Schools B.Ages C.Days D.Count
10.A.in B.with C.on D.by
11.A.did B.made C.took D.gave
12.A.who B.when C.that D.where
13.A.ways B.degrees C.levels D.chance
14.A.truths B.problems C.people D.subjects
15.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily
16.A.although B.because C.when D.If
17.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling
18.A.big B.small C.equal D.unequal
19.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.discovery
20.A.plans B.opinions C.world D. ability
1.A
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.D
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.B
10.B
11.B
12.A
13.B
14.A
15.B
16.B
17.C
18.D
19.A
20.B
【解析】
試題分析:本文主要以某些科學家他們的做法為例來說明觀察和實驗在科學發現中的重要性,科學真理必須以事實為根據,必須通過實踐來檢驗。
1.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. use 使用;B.time時間;C.speed速度;D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用;make full use of 充分利用。根據A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他觀察到的任何事實,故選A。
2.考查動詞及語境的理解。A. worked 工作;B.based基礎;C.lived 居。籇.written寫。be based on/upon 以……為基礎;基于…….根據He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事實為依據(be based on/upon)的觀點,故選B。
3.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. reason原因; B.cause原因;C.advice建議;D.result結果。reason 能夠對一個事物的發生或它的性質作出解釋的東西;它與for連用;cause 是導致一個事物發生的條件或原因。它與 of連用.根據句子意思,是指“不能接受某種權威來說明真理的合法性”,應用reason。故選A。
4.考查動詞及語境的理解。A. thinks認為;B.checks 檢查;C.has 有;D.learn學會。check. v. 證明無誤, 核對無誤。意思最恰當。他總是要檢查一下這個觀點并且做很多實驗來證明它,故選B。
5.考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. natural 自然的;B.physical 物理的;C.ancient古代的;D.modern現代的。根據最后一句話中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“現代科學”,此處選modern意思最恰當。故選D。
6.考查動詞及語境的理解。 A. date日期;date back 詞組,意為“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持;C.look 看;D.take拿,F代科學的時代最遠能追溯到(date back)培根時代,故選A。
7.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. study 學習;B.time n. 這里指“時代,年代”。 C. year 年;D.birth出生。現代科學的時代最遠能追溯到(date back)培根時代(time),故選B。
8.考查代詞及語境的理解。A. both 兩者都;B.each每個;C.between與and連用,表示“在……和……之間”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期間,故選C。
9.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. Schools學校; B.Ages,The Middle Ages n.中世紀;中古時代,專有名詞。C.Days天; D.Count計數;他可能是中古時代(he Middle Ages)的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學科學,故選B。
10.考查介詞及語境的理解。by + doing 表示“通過做……(的途徑)”,慣用法;with + sth 表示“用……(來做……)”。他可能是中古時代的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學科學,故選B。
11.考查動詞及語境的理解。make, do 與名詞有固定搭配關系:do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…;make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…這里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的發現,故選B。
12.考查連詞及語境的理解。 A. who引導定語從句修飾 great men ; B.when在定語從句中只能作狀語;C.that 不能引導非限制性定語從句; D.where在定語從句中只能作狀語;根據句意故選 A。
13.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. ways 方法; B.degrees, by degrees 詞組,相當于副詞,意為:逐漸地。C.levels 水平;D.chance機會。伽利略逐漸地顯示出通過觀察而得到的事實是多么地重要,故選B。
14.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. truths 事實; B.problems問題;C. people人們; D. subjects學科。根據上文意思,He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts應為:truths. 事實, 真理, 原理,故選A。
15.考查副詞及語境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地; B.rapidly迅速地; C.lightly輕輕地; D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快,迅速地。意思最恰當。根據常識在伽利略以前有學問的科學家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快,故選B。
16.考查連詞及語境的理解。A. although 盡管; B.because因為; C.when當……時候; D.If如果。根據句子意思,應為because conj. 因為在伽利略以前有學問的科學家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快,因為亞里士多德是這樣說的,故選 B。
17.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. place地方; B. foot腳; C. top頂部;D. ceiling天花板。根據常識但是伽利略走到比薩的斜塔的頂部,拿著兩個不等重量的石頭,要證明亞里士多德是錯誤的,故選C。
18.考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. big大的;B. small小的; C. equal相等的;D.unequal不等的。根據上文Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必須拿著不同大小的球做實驗來證明,故選D。
19.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. spirit精神; B. skill 技術; C. theory 理論;D. discovery發現。spirit of going direct to Nature對自然不斷探索的精神。 science spirit 科學精神;world spirit時代精神, 世界潮流。根據上文可知伽利略對自然不斷探索的精神,故選A。
20.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. plans計劃; B. opinions 意為“觀點”,“通過實驗證明我們的觀點和理論”。 C. world世界; D. ability 能力。通過實驗來證明我們的觀點和理論,從而導致了現代科學的出現,故選B。
考點:科普類短文。
科目:高中英語 來源:2012-2013學年新疆兵團農三師第一中學高一下學期3月月考英語卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解
On a hot African morning, Leila was lying on her stomach and an elephant was walking towards her. Leila waited. Then she pushed the button on her camera. “And I got my best photo of an elephant ever, by lying under my car,” Leila explained. “I wanted to get close to the elephants, but of course this was dangerous; they had their babies with them. So every morning I used to park my car in the open near the path (小道). They used to take the same path every morning when they left the water hole. After a week, they were used to seeing my car. So the next morning, I lay under it and got my photo!”
Many of the best wildlife photos come from good planning. In Africa, photographers set up their hides (隱匿處) near water holes. They also set up hides near forest paths, as animals use the same paths every night. For bird-watching, many lakes have hides. Inside the hides, bird-watchers can watch all day in the shade (蔭處) out of the wind and rain.
Good wildlife photos are needed for books, postcards, magazines and newspapers. But a success rate of 1 in 20 is good.
【小題1】Why did Leila lie under her car on the stomach?
A.Because she wanted to sleep. |
B.Because she wanted to take photos but was afraid of the animals. |
C.Because it’s easy to see the elephants. |
D.Because it’s very comfortable. |
A.By making good preparation. | B.By going into the forest at night. |
C.By walking around the holes. | D.By going to the nearest lake. |
A.All animals go to water holes at night. |
B.Lakes are good places for bird-watching. |
C.Leila used her car to prevent the sunshine. |
D.Animaals pay no attention to photographers. |
A.The successf rate of taking wildlife photos is 50% at most. |
B.Photographers who take wildlife photos need more practice. |
C.To take good wildlife photos is not difficult. |
D.It’s hard to take good wildlife photos. |
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On a hot African morning, Leila was lying on her stomach and an elephant was walking towards her. Leila waited. Then she pushed the button on her camera. “And I got my best photo of an elephant ever, by lying under my car,” Leila explained. “I wanted to get close to the elephants, but of course this was dangerous; they had their babies with them. So every morning I used to park my car in the open near the path (小道). They used to take the same path every morning when they left the water hole. After a week, they were used to seeing my car. So the next morning, I lay under it and got my photo!”
Many of the best wildlife photos come from good planning. In Africa, photographers set up their hides (隱匿處) near water holes. They also set up hides near forest paths, as animals use the same paths every night. For bird-watching, many lakes have hides. Inside the hides, bird-watchers can watch all day in the shade (蔭處) out of the wind and rain.
Good wildlife photos are needed for books, postcards, magazines and newspapers. But a success rate of 1 in 20 is good.
1.Why did Leila lie under her car on the stomach?
A.Because she wanted to sleep.
B.Because she wanted to take photos but was afraid of the animals.
C.Because it’s easy to see the elephants.
D.Because it’s very comfortable.
2.How can photograpers take good photos?
A.By making good preparation. B.By going into the forest at night.
C.By walking around the holes. D.By going to the nearest lake.
3.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
A.All animals go to water holes at night.
B.Lakes are good places for bird-watching.
C.Leila used her car to prevent the sunshine.
D.Animaals pay no attention to photographers.
4.What can we know from the underlined sentence?
A.The successf rate of taking wildlife photos is 50% at most.
B.Photographers who take wildlife photos need more practice.
C.To take good wildlife photos is not difficult.
D.It’s hard to take good wildlife photos.
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