高考英語第二輪語法專題復習
一、冠詞The Article
知識要點：
冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（The Indefinite Article）和定冠詞（The definite Article）兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞，a用在輔音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠詞。
二、定冠詞的用法：
17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.
A．× B．a C．the D．one
18、――Where’s Jack?
――I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.
A．×;× B．the; the C．the; × D．×; the
19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.
A．the; the B．×;× C．the; × D．×; the
20、――I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.
――Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a
【答案】：
1、B air是不可數名詞。
2、D 此題為97年高考題。根據句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出現；第二空仍是泛指，且表數量“－”。
3、D 元音前用an。
4、B weather是不可數名詞。
5、A 此題為85年高考題。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短語。
7、B 山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。
9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠詞；第二空特指，有定語。
10、C
11、A 第一空，a + 不可數名詞表具體的介紹；第二空，trade不可數。
12、D 第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。（括號里說明，我們倆都不認識這個人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短語，情緒不好。
13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃飯，固定短語。
14、A 泛指
15、C 此題是89年高考題：樂器前加定冠詞；music是不可數名詞。
16、A 此題是90年高考題：stars前應加定冠詞；space不可數。
17、C 此題是91年高考題：發明應是特指。
18、D 此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語，不加冠詞。
19、C 此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共場所，泛指。
20、A 此題是95年高考題。information是不可數名詞；have a word with sb.是固定短語。
二、名詞Nouns
知識要點：
1、專有名詞：
1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠詞）
2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名詞構成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。）
一、名詞的種類：
2、普通名詞
1）不可數名詞.files/image002.gif)
注意：不可數名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加a(an)則使之具體化了。
如：have a wonderful time.
‚不可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
ƒ不可數名詞一般無復數形式。部分物質名詞在表不同類別時，可用復數形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……
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各種各樣的魚 各種報紙 河湖、海水 積雪
„有些抽象名詞也常用復數，變為可數的具體的事物。如：times時代，works著作，difficulties困難
…在表數量時，常用“of”詞組來表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2）可數名詞：
可數名詞除用復數形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
‚有復數形式：
a）規則變化――加“s”或“es”（與初中同，略）
b）不規則變化――child
(children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：c）單、復數同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一種魚）……。如，a sheep, two sheep
d）只用復數形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e）形復實單：physics,
politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.
f）形單實復：people (人民，人們)，the police, cattle等
g）集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當作為整體時，為單數；當作為整體中的各個成員時，為復數。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h）復合名詞變復數時，(a)只把復合名詞中的主體各詞變為復數形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)繼子；editor (s) -in-chief總編輯。
(b)如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個詞的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人
(c）woman, man作定語時，要與被修飾的名詞的數一致。如：a man servant―men servants, a woman doctor―women doctors
二、名詞的所有格：
1、表有生命的東西（人或動物）的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1）名詞復數的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home（工人療養院），the students’ reading-room
2）復合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody else’s book（其他任何人的書）
3）如果一樣東西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個名詞后面加“’s”； 如果不是共有，則每個詞后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機和湯姆的 收音機（不共有）
4）表地點（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailor’s (裁縫鋪) the doctor’s (診所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5）有些表時間、距離、國家、城鎮的無生命的名詞，也可加“’s”表所有格。
如：half an hour’s walk (半小時的路程) China’s agriculture (中國的農業)
2、表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of，特別是名詞較長，有較多的定語時。如：
the story of Dr Norman Bethune
Do you know the name of the boy standing
at the gate?
4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法：
在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）時，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關系。如：
a friend of my father’s 我父親的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 愛迪生的一些發明
those exercise-books of the students’ 學生們的那些練習本。
【專項訓練】：
1、There are only twelve in the hospital.
A．woman doctors B．women doctors
C．women doctor D．woman doctor
2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws
C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
3、――How many does a cow have?
――Four.
A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．stomachies
4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.
A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens
5、The of the building are covered with lots of .
A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs
6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.
A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies
7、That was a fifty engine.
A．horse power B．horses power
C．horse powers D．horses powers
8、My father often gives me .
A．many advice B．much advice C．a lot of advices D．a few advice
9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.
A．tea cup B．a cup of tea C．tea’s cup D．cup tea
10、Can you give us some about the writer?
A．informations B．information
C．piece of informations D．pieces information
11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.
A．teas; bread B．teas; breads
C．tea; breads D．tea; bread
12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than .
A．lights; sounds B．light; sound
C．sound; light D．sounds; lights
13、She told him of all her and .
A．hope; fear B．hopes; fear
C．hopes; fears D．hope; fears
14、The rising did a lot of to the crops.
A．water; harm B．water; harms
C．waters; harm D．waters; harms
15、――How far away is it from here to your school?
――It’s about .
A．half an hour’s drive B．half hours drives
C．half an hour drives D．half an hour drive
16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s .
A．Mrs Smith B．Mrs’ Smith
C．Mrs Smiths’ D．Mrs Smith’s
17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .
A．Mary’s mother B．Mary’s mothers’
C．Mary mother’s D．Mary’s mother’s
18、Last week I called at my .
A．aunt B．aunts C．aunt’s D．auntes’
19、The beach is a throw.
A．stone B．stones C．stones’ D．stone’s
20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．Peter’ B．Peter C．Peters D．Peters’
【答案】：
1、B 2、A
3、C stomach（胃）雖是“ch”結尾，但其發音為[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。
4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復數形式，直接加“s”。
6、C 7、A 名詞作定語一般不用復數。
8、B
9、A 根據句意，打破的應是杯子，而不是茶；名詞作定語表類別不用加“’s”。
10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A
16、D 根據上句，此處應是史密斯太太的襯衫。
17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短語，意為“近在咫尺”。
20、B 此句中Peter作動名詞sailing的所有格，本應用Peter’s，但因其在動詞后作賓語，所以可用賓格，因此B為正確答案。
知識要點：
在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數情況下，根據句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強調的內容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。
1、以單數名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：
1）The book is on the table.
2）He is reading English.
3）To work hard
is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）
4）How you get there is a problem.
2、復數主語跟復數動詞。如：Children like to play toys.
3、在倒裝句中，動詞的數應和它后面的主語的數一致。如以here,there開頭，be 動詞與后面第一個名詞一致。如：
1）There is a dog near the door.
2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes
the bus.
4）On the wall were two famous paintings.
5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.
4、and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如果主語后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory.
3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：
1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來我們學校。
2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。
3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學校。
6、and連接的并列單數名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：
1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。
2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天沒有老師和學生缺席。
3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學生都忙著復習他們的功課。
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：
1）Each takes a
cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no構成的合成代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：
1）Is everyone here?
2）Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。
9、關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：
1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.
3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時，其謂語動詞常用單數形式。如：
1）Three years is not a long time.
2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、復數形式的專有名詞作為整體看待（如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等），動詞用單數形式。如：
1）The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。
3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜譚》）is an interesting book.
12、有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience（聽眾，觀眾），government等作主語時，如看作是一個整體，謂語動詞則用單數形式；如強調各個成員時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要進行一次長途旅行。
2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜歡音樂。
3）The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽。
4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學都高興得跳了起來。
13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語時，既可表示復數意義，也可表示單數意義，謂語動詞要根據實際情況而定。如：
1）All of the apple is rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。
2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。
3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。
14、the + 形容詞（或分詞）作主語時，常指一類人，謂語動詞用復數形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語動詞則用單數形式。如：
1）The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。
2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 現在傷病員們在這里受到了很好照顧。
15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)連接的是主語，謂語動詞與后一個主語一致。如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies.
2）Not only you but also he is wrong.
16、不可數名詞沒有復數形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名詞如：people, police ,cattle等作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：
1）The police are
searching for him.
2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。
18、population當人口講時，謂語動詞用單數形式；當人們講時，謂語動詞用復數。如：
1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名詞復數，是表示“…的數字”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；a (large / great) number of + 名詞復數，表示許多，作主語時；謂語動詞用復數形式。
1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
【專項訓練】
1、Nothing but cars in the shop.
A．is sold B．are sold C．were sold D．are going to sell
2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．are known
3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A．is B．are C．comes D．are coming
4、 of the money used up.
A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been
C．Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is
5、The number of the people who cars increasing.
A．owns, are B．owns, is C．own, is D．own, are
6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.
A．was B．were C．would be D．are
7、The sheets for your bed washing.
A．needs B．are needing C．want D．are wanting
8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grown
9、Some person calling for you at the gate.
A．are B．is C．is being D．will be
10、All that can be eaten eaten up.
A．are being B．has been C．had been D．have been
11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.
A．are B．is C．are being D．has
12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.
A．doesn’t fit B．don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for
13、Neither he nor I for the plan.
A．am B．are C．is D．were
14、Many a student that mistake before.
A．has made B．have made C．has been made D．had made
15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.
A．is B．are C．were D．seems
16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
17、Between the two buildings a monument.
A．stand B．stands C．standing D．is standing
18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.
A．am B．is C．are D．was
三、主謂一致Agreement
19、The United Nations in 1945.
A．were found B．were founded C．was founded D．was found
20、 were also invited to the party.
A．Mr Smith B．The Smith C．The Smiths D．Smiths
21、The glass works in 1959.
A．were set up B．was set up C．were put up D．were built
22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.
A．seem B．seems C．is seeming D．has seemed
23、It was reported that six including a boy.
A．was killed B．were killed C．was killing D．had killed
24、The police a prisoner.
A．is searching for B．are searching forC．is searching D．are searched for
25、Deer faster than dogs.
A．run B．runs C．are running D．will run
26、The wounded good care of here now.
A．is taken B．are being taken C．are taking D．is taking
27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.
A．was B．were C．had D．is
28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.
A．was B．is C．are D．will be
29、There a knife and fork on the table.
A．seems to be B．seem to be C．is seeming to be D．are
30、Those who singing may join us.
A．are liking B．likes C．enjoy D．is fond of
31、His family music lovers.
A．all are B．are all C．is D．are being
32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.
A．was B．is C．were D．had been
33、The pair of shoes worn out.
A．was B．were C．have been D．had been
34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.
A．have B．has C．had D．are having
35、More than one answer to the question.
A．have been given B．has been given C．were given D．had given
36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. A．are B．is C．were D．was
37、Our family a happy one.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.
A．were made B．are made C．has been made D．were making
39、Most of his time in reading novels.
A．are spent B．is spent C．were spent D．was spending
40、The rest of the novel very interesting.
A．were B．are C．is D．seem
41、I know that all getting on well with her.
A．was B．is C．are D．were
42、When and where this took place still unknown.
A．are B．were C．is D．has
43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.
A．are B．were C．is D．has
44、Very few his address in the town.
A．knows B．know C．are knowing D．has known
45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.
A．are B．is C．were D．seem
46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.
A．were B．are C．is D．seem to be
47、Nine plus three twelve.
A．makes B．make C．is making D．are making
48、There are two roads and either to the station.
A．leads B．lead C．are leading D．is leading
49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.
A．have been B．has been C．had been D．will be
50、My family as well as I glad to see you.
A．am B．are C．is D．was
【答案】：
1、A 因有連詞but，所以謂語形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人稱單數。見講解4。
2、B 同上 3、B 見講解2。 4、C 見講解16。
5、C 定語從句看被修飾的先行詞：the number of作主語用單數形式。見講解9，19。
6、A 見講解1。 7、C 見講解2。 8、B 倒裝句，要看后面的主語。見講解3。
9、B some person指“某人”是第三人稱單數。見講解13。
10、B 主語“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可數名詞，是第三人稱單數。見講解13。
11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前沒有冠詞，所以實際指的是同一個人。 見講解5。
12、B 根據前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因 此主語是復數。
13、A neither…nor…連接主語，動詞與后面的主語保持一致。見講解15。
14、A 見講解6。 15、A 見講解4。 16、A 見講解1，動名詞作主語。 17、B 倒裝，見講解3。 18、A 見講解9。 19、C 見講解11。
20、C 因謂語動詞是復數，所主語應是復，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。
21、B works在此句中是指工廠，所以是單數。 22、B 見講解10。
23、B six在這兒指的是人，因此用復數形式。 24、B 見講解17。
25、A deer, sheep是單、復數同形，根據后面的dogs，前面的deer應是復數（單 數前應有a）。 26、B 見講解14。 27、B 見講解12，因人才能受感動，所以the whole class是指全班的成員。 28、C 見講解18。 29、A 見講解5。刀、叉是一副而論，所以看作單數。 30、C 見講解9。 31、B 見講解12。 32、C 見講解4，注意與第11題比較。
33、A 因此句主語是pair，所以用單數。
34、A 因此句主語是the students，所以用復數。如果each作主語，謂語動詞則用 第三人稱單數形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.
35、B 此句中的主語是one answer，所以謂語動詞應與它保持一致。
36、B 根據句意，這個男孩是學校中唯一來自農村的學生，自然后面的定語從句 的主語是單數，所以謂語動詞用單數形式，又因主從句時態保持一致，故B 是唯一正確答案。
37、A 見講解12。 38、A 見講解2。39、B 見講解16。
40、C 這部小說的剩余部分，還沒超出“一”，用單數。
41、C 見講解13，不定代詞all在此句中代“與她相處的人”，所以是復數。
42、C 見講解1，when and where this took place是一個從句。
43、C 見講解15。 44、B few在此代人，是復數。 45、B 見講解10。
46、C 同上。 47、A 同上。 48、A 見講解7。 49、B 見講解4。 50、B 同上。
虛擬語氣分三種情況來掌握：
1、虛擬條件句。
2、名詞性虛擬語氣。
3、虛擬語氣的其他用語。
條件狀語從句是非真實情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。
1、條件從句與現在事實不一致，其句型為：
If 主語＋過去時，主語＋should（could, would, 或might）＋動詞原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、條件從句與過去事實不一致，句型為：
If 主語＋had＋過去分詞，主語＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋過去分詞，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、條件從句與將來事實不一致，句型為：
一、虛擬條件句：
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＋do，主語＋should（could…）＋ 原形 do
過去時（與現在事實條件句一樣）。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意問題：
1、If條件句中絕對不可出現“would”。
2、根據句中的時間狀語，有時可能出現“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現在的情況，條件句也許是發生在過去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在條件句中如果出現were, had, should可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣，基本句型：主語＋（should）＋動詞原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（賓語從句）
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主語從句）
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位語從句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表語從句）
注意：在這種句子中絕不出現“would”“must”“could”等。
1、wish后的賓語從句：
與現在愿望不一致 主語＋過去時；I wish I were you.
與過去愿望不一致 主語＋had＋過去分詞；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
與未來愿望不一致 主語＋would（could）＋原形。I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time句型：當It’s time后用that從句時應該為：主語＋should＋原形 或 主語＋過去時，例如：
It’s time that you went to school. 或It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感嘆句相當于“How I wish＋賓語從句”
If only he could come! 他要能來就好了。
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if（though）引導的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現在與將來的情況用過去時，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t
have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we we
wouldn’t have done the work so well.
注： without /
but for … = If it weren’t not for…/ If it hadn’t been for …., sb …..
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!
【專項訓練】
1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.
A．will master B．master C．masters D．would master
2、It is strange that she without saying a word.
A．should have gone out B．went
C．should go out D．goes out
3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.
A．had been, would have prevented B．had been, would prevent
C．were, would prevent D．were, would have prevent
4、 ――“He is a brave man.”
――“Yes, I wish I his courage.”
A．have B．had C．will have D．may have
5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.
A．should B．will C．is going to D．was to
6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.
A．was sent B．would be sent
C．should send D．be sent
7、If you the medicine, you better now.
A．took, would feel B．had taken, felt
C．had taken, would feel D．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.
A．is B．was C．were D．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.
A．didn’t do B．hadn’t do C．haven’t done D．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather he tomorrow afternoon.
A．will come B．comes C．coming D．came
答案：
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A
6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D
五、倒裝句
英語的基本句型是主語 + 謂語。如果將主語與謂語調換, 稱倒裝句。倒裝句分全倒裝句和半倒裝句。
情況:
1、當here, there, out, in, up, down等副詞放在句首時, 句子需全倒裝:
There goes the bell! 鈴響了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.
注意:
①在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動詞或be動詞, 像go, come, mush等。
②主語如果是代詞時不需倒裝如Away he went. 他走遠了。
2、方位狀語在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引語在句首, 這種情況可倒裝也可不倒裝
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
Never shall I forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
二、半倒裝: 主語與謂語的助動詞交換位置稱半倒裝, 有以下數種情況:
1. 否定意義的詞在句首, 句子半倒裝, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly,
rarely, seldom
2. 幾對并列連詞如not only…but also, hardly… when等連接兩個并列句, 連詞在句首, 前句半倒裝, 后句不倒裝:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.(注意時態)
注意:
①not only…but also連接兩個并列主語時不需倒裝, 如:
Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首時, 前后兩句都需倒裝,
Neither do I have a sister nor does my
husband.
3、only在句首強調狀語, 主句半倒裝:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only強調主語不倒裝:
Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首時, 主句倒裝, that從句不倒裝:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.
So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
1、倒裝句（Inversion）
英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”。如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序稱為“倒裝”。
一、倒裝的類型
類型
例 句
說 明
完 全
倒 裝
Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.
學生們涌出去歡迎外國朋友。
整個謂語移至主語之前。
部 分
倒 裝
Seldom does he go to school late.
他上學很少遲到。
只把系動詞，情態動詞，助動詞或表語放在主語之前。
1、由于語法結構的需要而使用的倒裝
情 況
例 句
說 明
二、倒裝結構的基本用法
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疑
問
句
中
Have you got a dictionary?
你有一本字典嗎？
Where did he go last Monday?
上星期一他去什么地方了？
Are you listening to the radio?
你在聽廣播嗎？
Who told you the news?
誰告訴你那個消息的？
Which boy broke this glass?
哪個男孩子把這個玻璃打破了？
用完全或部分倒裝，但以疑問詞或疑問詞修飾的名詞作主語的疑問句要用正常語序。
“there be”結構中
There are three wells in our village.
我們村里有三口水井。
There stands a big paper making factory by the river.
河邊有座大型造紙廠。
在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中
Here is a letter for you.
這兒有你一封信。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Now comes your turn to play.
現在輪到你玩了。
Away went the crowd one by one .
人們一個一個地離去。
Look, there he comes! 看，他來了。
Down she went 她下來了。
使用完全倒裝結構。
但如果主語是代詞則用正常語序。
在以neither nor 或no more開頭的句子中
I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .
我不會游泳，她也不會。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.
他沒有去過農村，他也不想去那里。
He did not turn up. No more did his wife.
他沒有來，他妻子也沒有來。
表示……也不這樣， neither和nor意思相同，可以替換使用，no more表示動作的程度并不比前面提到的稍強。意為也不…。
用在as（盡管）引導的讓步狀語從句中
Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .
盡管這些貴族很傲慢，他卻害怕見我。
Young as he is, he knows a lot .
雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。
從屬連句as用于特殊語序，含義與though, although相同，但“as”這種結構可表示非常強烈的對照，必須用倒裝（表語提前）
2、為了加強語氣而使用的倒裝。（使句子更加流暢，更加生動）
情 況
例 句
說 明
含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時
Never before have we seen such a sight.
以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
Little did I think that he could be back alive.
我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.
我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
不僅他所有的一切被沒收了，而且連他的德國公民權也被剝奪了。
常用否定詞有： never,not,hardly,
scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒裝結構。
副詞only放在句首時
Only then did he realize his mistakes .
只有在那時，他才認識到自己的錯誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well .
只有用這種方法，你才能學好數學。
Only Mother can understand me .
只有母親最理解我。
Only three of us failed in the exam.
我們中只有三個人考試不及格。
only 起強調作用，其句型為“only +狀語+部分倒裝”。
如置于句首的only修飾主語，則不用倒裝結構。
虛擬語氣條件從句中
Were they here, they would help us .
他們要是在這兒，他們會幫助我們的。
Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.
我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。
Should you fail, take more pain and try again.
萬一你失敗了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。
把從句中if省略將were，had或should放在主語的前面。
直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時
“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.
老師說：“他是個聰明的孩子。”
“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”湯姆呼喊著，“快回家去求援”
“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.
他問“你認為這部電影怎么樣？”
“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.
瑪利告訴我“我下月要去香港”。
主句主語和謂語次序顛倒，用完全倒裝。
但如果主句主語為代詞時或謂語部分比主語長，一般不用倒裝。
表示祝愿的句子中
May you succeed! 祝你成功。
Long live the Communist Party of
中國共產黨萬歲！
謂語動詞或謂語的一部分放在主語的前面。
副詞so在句首
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .
他對流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。
They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .
他們下學期學化學，我也學。
I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.
我會開汽車，我弟弟也會開車。
表示前面所說的情況也適合于另一個人或另一事物的肯定句中。
―Tom won the first prize for the English
competition.
－So he did.
英語競賽湯姆獲得了一等獎。確實如此。
It was cold yesterday. So it was .
昨天天氣冷。的確冷。
如果后面的句子只是單純重復前句的意思，不表示也適用于另一人或事，則不用倒裝結構。
在頻度狀語often, always, many a time等開頭的句子中
Often did we warn them not to do so.
我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。
Many a time has she helped me with my English.
她不止一次地幫助或學習英語。
在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首
Thus ended his life.這樣結束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。
介詞短語作狀語，放在句首
In the middle of the room stood a little girl.
在房間中央站著一個小女孩。
In the distance was a horse.
馬在遠處。
在強調表語的句子中
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
阿爾伯特?曼因斯坦就是這樣一個人，一個純樸而又取得巨大成就的人。
Such is life. 生活就是這樣。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
附近有兩只他們來這個島乘坐的獨木船。
表語提前，不僅為了強調，而且為了使句子結構達到平衡協調，或使上下文緊密銜接。
【專項訓練】
Ⅰ、選擇填空
1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun.
A．The weather so fine was B．So fine was the weather
C．So the weather was fine D．So was fine weather
2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.
A．Before George stood the policeman
B．Before George the policeman stood
C．Before the policeman stood George
D．Before George did the policeman
4、Then we had been looking forward to .
A．came the hour B．the hour came
C．comes the hour D．the hour is coming
5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.
A．she realized B．did she realize
C．she had realized D．had she realized
6、 succeed in doing anything.
A．Only by working hard we can
B．By only working hard we can
C．Only by working hard can we
D．Only we can by working hard
7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.
A．he has doubted B．he doubts
C．did he doubt D．he did doubt
8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.
A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find
C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found
9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A．they had got to the bus-stop B．they got to the bus-stop
C．did they get to the bus-stop D．had they got to the bus -stop
10、Mary doesn’t speak French, and does Joan.
A．not B．neither C．either D．so
11、―Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ―I don’t know, .
A．nor don’t I care B．nor do I care
C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also
12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.
A．man did know B．man knew
C．didn’t man know D．did man know
13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.
A．did we hear B．we heard
C．had we heard D．we have heard
14、John won the first prize in the contest. .
A．So he did. B．So did he.
C．So he did, too. D．So did he, too.
15、 ,he doesn’t study well.
A．As he is clever B．He is as clever
C．Clever as he is D．As clever he is
16、You can never use my tape recorder. time should you touch that machine.
A．At no B．At any C．Any D．No
17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.
A．I had entered…when B．Had I entered…then
C．had I entered…when D．have I entered…when
18、Only save his life.
A．can the doctor B．the doctor can
C．will the doctor D．could the doctor
19、Hardly anybody the boy , because he is rude.
A．does like B．likes C．do like D．like
20、So well that the teacher praised her.
A．she had done her homework
B．her homework had been done
C．did she do her homework
D．she did her homework
21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.
A．do you come B．will you come
C．you come D．you will come
22、Out , gun in hand.
A．did he rush B．rushed he
C．he rushed D．had he rushed
23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and .
A．so did he B．so he did C．so he would D．so would he
24、Into the sky the light blue smoke.
A．went up B．up went C．did go up D．had gone up
25、Little about his own life at the meeting.
A．did he talk B．he talked
C．he was talking D．had he talked
26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapons.
A．will China B．China will C．does China D．do
27、 taken that examination, she could have passed it .
A．Were she B．Had she be able to
C．If she would have D．Had she
28、 tomorrow , we would put off the match till next Monday.
A．Should it rained B．Were it to rain
C．If it would rain D．Had it rained
29、Look, here .
A．Mr. Brown comes B．does Mr. Brown come
C．comes Mr. Brown D．Mr. Brown has come
30、Often us good advice.
A．did she give B．she did give
C．she gave D．she has given
31、Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.
A．didn’t I realize B．did I realize
C．I didn’t realize D．I realize
32、Little about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself.
A．does he care B．did he care
C．he cares D．he cared
33、 began our new lesson.
A．But B．Thus C．Such D．So that
34、By no means look down upon the poor.
A．we should B．we should not
C．do we D．should we
35、Only when 30 years old to learn English.
A．was he , did he begin B．he was , he began
C．was he , he began D．he was ,did he begin
36、Not once their plan.
A．did they change B．they changed
C．changed they D．they did changed
37、“It’s very hot today.”“ .”
A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does
38、A fish needs water and without water it will die.
A．So does a man B．So will a man
C．So it is with a man D．So is it with a man
39、They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which .
A．sat a small boy B．a small boy sat
C．is sitting a small boy D．a small boy sitting
40、Society has changed and in it .
A．so have the people B．so the people have
C．the people have so D．have the people so
Ⅱ、改錯
41、Only when was he 50 years old did he begin to learn French.
42、Little she knew Tom was was badly ill
43、Turn to the right and there are you.
44、And all around the fox in a circle was dogs.
45、―You can learn English well.
―So can we.
46、I dare climb this tall tree, but do you?
47、Not once he kept his promise.
48、Many a time he has given us some good advice.
49、Such a noise there was that I couldn’t work in the room.
50、Only does my mother understand me.
【答案】：
Ⅰ、1、B 2、C 3、A 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、A 15、C
25、A 26、A 27、D 28、B 29、C 30、A
31、B 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、D 36、A
37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A
Ⅱ、41、was he ―he was 倒裝主句不倒裝從句。
42、She knew―did she know 此句為半倒裝句。
43、are you ―you are 此句為全部倒裝句如主語是代詞則不倒裝。
44、was―were主語是dogs 。
45、so we can 主語we與上一句中的主語you所指相同故不同倒裝。
46、do you―dare you 前面句中用情態，后面要呼應。
47、he kept―did he keep
48、he has―has he
49、Ö
50、去掉does，將understand改為understands。only后面跟狀語倒裝，后跟主語不倒裝。
六、并列句
知識要點：
1、熟悉并掌握并列句的結構和常用的并列詞的用法；
2、注意while, when 和 for等作并列連詞的用法。
什么叫并列句：由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子叫并列句。
并列句的基本句型：簡單句 + 并列連詞 + 簡單句
類型
說明
連接詞
例 句
并
并列關系
(聯合關系)
and, not only…but(also), neither…nor等
I help him and he helps me. 我幫助他，他也幫助我。
Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her. 我們不僅給她寫信而且還給她發了電報。
Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice. 我不想與他商量，他也不會征求我的意見。
列
轉折關系
but, yet, still, while, however, when等
He failed many times, but he didn’t despair. 他失敗多次但并沒有氣餒。
She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress. 她學習英語有困難，然后她學習努力，進步很快。
選擇關系
or, otherwise or else, either…or
We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我們必須快點，否則會趕不上火車。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我這兒來，或者我到你那去。
句
因果關系
for, so, thus, therefore, and so
We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我們最好呆在家里，因為天正在下雨。
He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他學習不努力，因此這次考試不及格。
有時也可不用連詞，而用逗號，分號或冒號
Hurry up, it’s getting dark. 快點，天要黑了。
Let’s start early, we have a long way to go. 我們要早動身，因為路很遠。
注意：
（1）yet和still是連接副詞，也叫半連接詞。它們是副詞。又起連接作用，但不如and,
but, or等強，用了yet或still，前面還可加and或but。
He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一個實驗。
I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而還是沒有趕上頭班車
（2）while意義相當于at the same time表示相反和對照，常用來連接兩個意義對立的分句。
I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜歡足球，而我姐姐喜歡籃球。
when = and then, just then或at that time, during the time.
We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我們正準備離開，這時蛇移動了。
while和when作為并列連詞使用時常是放在第二個分句前邊，并有逗號和第一分句隔開。
3、for表示附加或推斷的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，and so比較口語化。
【專項訓練】：
1、He couldn’t know the truth about me, he wouldn’t treat me like this.
2、The bell is ringing the lesson is over.
3、Although he was ill, he kept on working.
4、I can’t make up my mind we will go to Shanghai we will stay in our city.
5、He doesn’t talk much, he thinks a lot.
6、It must have rained last night the ground is still wet.
7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.
8、Jane was dressed in green Mary was dressed in blue.
9、 he did not speak distinctly I did not hear it clearly.
10、He is clever, , he often makes mistakes.
11、 did we write to her we called up her.
12、He hasn’t any money I’m going to lend him some.
13、The child was sick; he, , didn’t go to school.
14、Mary was neither happy, was she sad.
15、Put on more clothes, you’ll catch cold.
二、選擇最佳答案：
16、Some are reading magazines, others are playing cards.
A．or B．for C．so D．while
17、We must get up early tomorrow. we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.
A．so B．or C．but D．however
18、――I don’t like chicken fish.
――I don’t like chicken, I like fish very much.
A．and, and B．and, but C．or, and D．or, but
19、We want high speed good quality.
A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not, but also
20、In spring it is hot cold here.
A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not only, but
21、 does he writes well, he also speaks well.
A．Not only, but B．Not, but C．Either, or D．Both, and
22、Use your head, you’ll work it out.
A．so B．or C．and D．for
23、I want to buy the jacket, I have not enough money with me.
A．but B．so C．or D．for
24、 you I am going to help Tom.
A．Either, or B．Not, but C．Not only, and D．Each, and
25、The soldier was wounded, he pushed on.
A．for B．and C．so D．yet
26、――Do you know Jim quarrelled with his classmate?
――I don’t know, .
A．nor don’t I came B．nor do I care
C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also
27、He is a teacher, a singer as well.
A．but B．or C．nor D．and
28、 should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge.
A．Not only, but B．Neither, nor C．Either, or D．Both, and
29、We have studied English for only one year, we can perform English short plays already.
A．yet B．for C．and D．or
30、She had escaped, the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.
A．so B．or C．but D．and
31、The work was difficult, ,he finished in on time.
A．but B．however C．otherwise D．therefore
32、The sky was cloudless the sun was shining.
A．but B．and C．for D．so
33、 many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A．Having been told B．Though he had been told
C．He was told D．Having told
34、I was walking along the street I heard someone calling my name.
A．when B．while C．and D．for
35、To be healthy, you must have a meal too big too small.
A．either, or B．neither, nor C．not only, but also D．not, but
36、Both Jane and Ellen, Mary, are studying at the same college.
A．too B．and C．as well D．as well as
37、He has never studied English before, we should give him more help.
A．and B．or C．therefore D．but
38、I see your point of view; , I don’t agree with you.
A．or B．but C．so D．still
39、They must stay in the water they will die.
A．but B．so C．otherwise D．and
40、We played outside till sunset it began to rain.
A．when B．while C．yet D．so
三、改錯：
41、Although he has great learning, but he always works far into the night.
42、Because the boy is very naughty, so I’m angry with him.
43、Not only he himself works hard but he often helps others.
44、It must have rained much of late, because the river is so high.
45、They didn’t tell me whether I should write to him nor whether I should see him personally.
46、If there were no plants, we would have no animals or no meat.
47、Now of course I don’t want to say anything bad about anyone however have you noticed his strange manners?
48、 “I’m more thankful to you, sir, than I can say” I said, “ and but I must make things clear.”
49、He neither knows nor cares for what happened.
50、He did not like your suggestion, and but he raised no objection(反對).
【答案】：
一、1、or 2、and 3、still / yet 4、when, or 5、but
6、for 7、when 8、while 9、Either, or 10、however
11、Not only, but 12、so 13、therefore 14、nor
15、or
二、16、D 17、B 18、D 19、A 20、C 21、A
22、C 23、A 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、D
28、A 29、A 30、C 31、B 32、B 33、C
34、A 35、B 36、D &n
四、在定語從句中，許多人往往分不清all that 和what,what 實際上只引導名詞性從句，它相當于all that兩個字，例如：
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定
語
從
句
（人）在從句中做主語或賓語
物
在從句中做主語或賓語
who
which
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .
這就是救了孩子生命的醫生。
She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you .
她就是我要介紹給你的新學生
Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.
請遞給我擺在桌上的那本書。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.
湯姆買的小說很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?
你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎？
who在從句中做主語
whom在從句中做賓語，口語中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介詞賓語時只能用whom
which在從句中做主語。
which充當賓語時可以省去。
which做介詞賓語不可省
種類
先行詞
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
定
語
從
句
人
或
物
的
whose
The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams
The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr. Williams.
The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.
那輛壞了閘的自行車現在已經修好了。
=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired
whose在從句中做定語
指某人的也可以用…of whom代替whose
指物時也可以用…of which 代替 whose
人
或
that
The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.
正在彈鋼琴的那位婦女是
I’d like to see the films that are just on show.
我想看那些剛上映的電影。
that指人做主語
that指物做主語
種類
先行詞
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
物
all, little much和some,any every ,no 構成的合成代詞
人
或
物
that
that
They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.
他們談起他們所記得起的學校里的人和事，談了大約有半個小時。
I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .
我要告訴你我所知道這件事的一切情況。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
有什么我可以幫助做的事嗎？
I’ve brought everything (that )you need.
我把你需要的東西都拿來了。
This is the best film that I have seen .
這是我看過的最好的一部電影。
The first place that we’ll visit is
我們要參觀的第一個地方是北京圖書館
先行詞分別表示人和物，關系代詞要用that，不用who或which
先行詞表示物，關系代詞用that不用which, 在從句中做賓語可省去 。如果先行詞是人時，關系代詞不受制約，用that或who (whom)
均可
先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時定語從句用that引導。
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定
語
從
句
人
或
物
that
He is the only person that is believable.
他是唯一可靠的人。
John is the very person that she wants to see.
約翰正是她要見的人。
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?
正在和湯姆談話的人是誰？
Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?
你買的那些書中哪一本容易讀。
先行詞被the only, the very,the same 等修飾時用關系代詞that.
當主句以who、which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句要用that
時
間
when
He came at a time when we. needed him most.他在我們最需要的時候來了。
We’ll never forget the day when the
People’s Republic of
我們永遠不會忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。
在定語從句中作時間狀語
注：先行詞是time, minute, moment, next tim很少用關系副詞when,可用that 但通常省去。
地點
where
This is the room where he put up for the night.
這就是他渡過夜晚的那房子。
在定語從句中作地點狀語
原因
理由
why
I know the reason why she studies so well .
我知道她學習好的原因。
在定語從句中作原因狀語
（2）非限制性定語從句
種類
先行詞
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
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非
限
制
性
定
語
從
句
人
物
沒有固定的先行詞而是一個句子
who
whom
which
which
as
George ,who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.
喬治獲得了獎學金，他是我的同學。
Dr. Li , whom I know very well, will come here tomorrow.
李大夫明天將來這兒，我跟他很熟悉。
I gave him a New Year card ,which he enjoyed very much.
我給他一張賀年卡，他很喜歡它。
He studies hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life .
他年輕時在校學習努力，這導致了他后來生活中的成功。
He gets up early ，as is always his habit.
他總是早起床，這是他的習慣。
John was admitted into the college, as we had expected.
約翰被大學錄取了，這是我們期待的。
The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.
人人皆知，地球是圓的。
who, whom不能省去，也不能用that代替
which指物，不可省去，也不能用that代替
which作主語指它前面的整個句子，不可用that代替，強調結果。
as指全句，在從句中做主語。
as指全句意思，在從句中做賓語。
as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，句中或句末。
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
這本書與我昨天丟失的那本書一樣。
用于the same… as, such… as ,as…as等結構中。
（3）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
從句與先行詞的關系
從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。
從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
標 點
從句和主句之間不用逗號分開
從句和主句之間通常用逗號分開
關
系
代
詞
指人who (that) whom
指物which (that)
人和物whose
關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省去
指人who（作主語）whom（做賓語）
指物which
人和物的whose
關系代詞一般不可省
修飾
從句只修飾一個名詞或代詞
可以修飾一個名詞或代詞也可修飾整個主句
翻譯
定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面
定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨立的句子
【專項訓練】
1．Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world．
A．that B．which C．it D．who
2．Is there anything else you require?
A．which B．that C．who D．what
3．The last place we visited was the Great Wall．
A．which B．that C．where D．it
4．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school．
A．which B．who C．it D．that
5．The reailway tunnel,though the train goes, will be completed soon．
A．which B．that C．it D．whom
6．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made．
A．that B．which C．where D．there
7．There is no dictionary you can find everything．
A．that B．which C．where D．in that
8．Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming．
A．which B．that C．when D．where
9．Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming．
A．which B．that C．when D．where
10．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm．
A．which B．where C．when D．who
11．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ．
A．that B．when C．where D．what
12．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities．
A．that B．which C．where D．as
13．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ．
A．that B．which C．as D．what
14．The stems of bamboo are hollow makes them very light．
A．which B．as C．that D．it
15．Crusoe’s dog hecame ill and died , made him very lonely ．
A．as B．which C．that D．this
16．They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them．
A．as B．which C．That D．this
17． we know now ,bats come out only at night ．
A．As B．Which C ．That D．What
18．John got beaten in the game , had been expected ．
A．as B．that C．what D．who
19． has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules．
A．Which B．What C．That D．As
20．Do you know the reason he was late?
A．that B．which C．for what D．for which
21．He built a telescope he could study the skies．
A．in which B．with that C．through which D．by it
22．I have bought two ballpens , writes well ．
A．none of which B．neither of which C．none of them D．neither of them
23．There are two thousand students in our school , are girls ．
A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of them C．two -third in them D．two -thirds in which
24．Do you know the man ?
A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke C．I spoke to D．that I spoke
25．The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ．
A．where B．in which C．which D．to which
26．This is one of the best films this year．
A．have been shown B．that have shown C．that have been shown D．which has been shown
27．Can you lend me the book the other day ?
A．you talked about B．about that you talked C．that you talked D．which you talked
28．Is there any one in you class family is in the city ．
A．who B．who’s C．which D．whose
29．I’ll never forget the days we stayed together．
A．when B．in which C．which D．what
30．Is some German friends visited last week ?
A．this school B．this the school C．this school one D．this school where
31．I’ll tell you he told me last month ．
A．all which B．all what C．that all D．all
32．Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?
A．for why B．for that C．which D．why
33．I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress．
A．which B．in which C．on that D．on which
34．I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need ．
A．in which , / B．where , which C．which , that D．that , that
35．Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long．
A．where B．when C．that D．on which
36．The train she was travelling was late．
A．which B．on which C．for which D．on that
37．The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945．
A．during which B．in that C．where D．on which
38．Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ?
A．that B．/ C．which D．it
39．This is the best hotel in the city I know ．
A．which B．that C．where D．it
40．I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library ．
A．that B．/ C．which D．they
41．The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all．
A．which B．who C．that D．whose
42．She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings ．
A．which B．that C．with which D．for which
43．Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term．
A．which B．since C．that D．till
44．We hope to get such a tool he is using ．
A．which B．as C．that D．where
45．Is there anything to you ．
A．that is belonged B．that belongs C．which belongs D．that belong
46．You can take any seat is free ．
A．which B．where C．that D．in which
47．The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher．
A．of them B．of which C．of whom D．of who
48．My hometown is no longer the same it used to be ．
A．which B．as C．that D．like
49．You may take anything useful ．
A．you want B．what you want C．you want them D．which you want
50．He tore up my photo and upset me ．
A．that B．it C．which D．what
51．During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns．
A．followed B．following C．to follow D．that followed
52．The beautiful dress Miss
Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers ．
A．that B．wearing which C．worn by D．in which
53．The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house．
A．in which B．through which C．at which D．on which
54．The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter．
A．by which B．by whom C．by that D．of whom
55．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ．
A．with which B．with it C．with that D．which
【答案】：
1 B 2
B 3
B 4
D
31 D 32
D 33
D
51 D 52
D 53
B 54
B
八、名詞性從句
知識要點：
1、熟悉并掌握各個連接詞、關系代詞和連接副詞的用法。
2、熟悉并掌握復合句即名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句），定語從句和狀語從句。
什么叫復合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子叫復合句。在復合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個成分，不能獨立。
從句通常是用關聯詞來引導的。在這里關聯詞還起聯系從句和主句的作用。
主從復合句（Complex Sentences）
主語從句（Subject Clauses）
1、名詞性從句
表語從句（Predicative Clauses）
Noun Clauses
賓語從句（Object Clauses）
同位語從句（Appositive Clauses）
2、定語從句
（Attributive Clauses）
3、狀語從句
（Adverbial Clauses）
注：以it作形式主語，把主語從句后置的常用的句型有：
（1）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
（2）It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句
（3）It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句
（4）It seem, happen等不及物動詞 + that從句
二、常用的關聯詞
1、從屬連詞
that（無詞義）；whether是否；if假如，是否
although(though)雖然；because因為
when當…時候；before在…前；after在…后
since既然，自從；as正如，盡管，一邊，由于；while在…期間
as soon as一…就；as long as只要；as if好像
2、連接代詞
who, whom, which, what, whose
3、連接副詞
when, where, why, how
4、關系代詞
who, whom, whose, which, that
5、關系副詞
when, where, why
1、主語從句：
種類
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
連
that
That he will come and help you is certain. 他來幫助你是確實無疑的。
that在句首不可省去
詞
whether
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
主語從句中只能用whether不可用if。
主
語
連接代詞
who
what
which
whatever
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
主語從句放在句首，句子常顯得笨重，因此一般
從
句
連接副詞
when
where
why
how
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。
把它移到句子后面，前面用引導詞“it”來作形式主語。
2、賓語從句：
種類
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
陳述意義
that
I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠誠的。
We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。
that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。
賓
疑問意義
if
whether
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。
He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day. 他不在乎天氣是否好。
whether常與or not連用，不能用if代替。
作介詞賓語要用whether不能用if。
從句是否定句時一般用if引導。
語
特殊疑問意義
who, whom,
which,whose,what, when,
where, why,
how,whoever,
whatever,
whichever
Please tell me what you want. 請告訴我你需要什么？
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。
賓語從句作及物動詞賓語也可做介詞的賓語。
從
注1
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我們必須認清無論誰違反了法律都要受到懲罰。
如果賓語從句后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，將從句后置。
句
注2
We don’t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
think, believe, imagine, suppose等動詞引出的賓語從句，要將從句中的否定形式，移動主句中。
3、表語從句：
種類
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
表
連詞
that
whether
as if
The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 問題是他們不能很早到達這里。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起來天要下雨。
在非正式的文體中that可以省去。
語
從
連接代詞
who
what
which
That’s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 問題是誰（你們哪一位）接著發言。
表語從句位于主句系動詞之后
句
連接副詞
when
where
why
how
This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。
4、同位語從句：
種類
關聯詞
例 句
說 明
同
位
語
從
句
由連詞that引導，不擔任成分，也可有when, how, where等引導。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陸這個消息傳遍世界。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個問題。
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容，常用的名詞如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。
名詞性從句包括四種從句即主語從句、表詞從句、賓語從句和同位詞從句。名詞性從句的特點：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引導名詞性從句時必須是陳述句詞序：
1、主詞從句：
That light travels in straight line is
known to all .(That 引導主語從句不可省)
When the plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ．
主語從句通常以it 做形主語出現
It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.
It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.
2、表語從句，即名詞性從句放在表語位置就是表語從句，需要注意的，主語是 reason時，表語要用that引導而不是because．
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this
morning .
3、賓語從句that �？梢允÷�，并且注意時態呼應，當主句為過去時時，從句時態一定往前推移，不可出現現在時或現在完成時。
The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America．
4、同位語從句注意與定語從句區別，同位語從句對前一名詞做補充說明，在從句中無語法位置，而定語從句所修飾詞在從句中占一語法位置如：
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在從句中無位置，而從句只是具體說明idea的內容）。
The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定語從句，idea做put forward 的賓語)。
【專項訓練】
1．I wonder how much ．
A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes cost
2．Nobody knew ．
A．where he comes B．where he was from C．where he is from D．where does he come from
3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me ．
A．when the sports meet will be taken place ．
B．when was the sports meet going to be held．
C．when is the sports meet to begin ．
D．when the sports meet is to take place ．
4．Cornputers can only give cut has been stored in them .
A．that B．which C．what D．anything
5．She wanted to know ．
A．whether I knew her and where did she work
B．if I knew her and the factory she worked there
C．wherther I knew her and the factory she worked
D．if I knew her and the factory where she worked
6．My friend wouldn’t tell me his new car ．
A．how much he paid for B．how much did he pay
C．he paid how much for D．did he pay how much
7．A simple experiment shows air has some strength ．
A．what B．that C．which D．who
8．He you are not going abroad．
A．surprised that B．is surprised that C．surprised at D．is surprised whether
9．Father asked ．
A．what was wrong with me B．what’s wrong with me
C．what wrong was with me D．what wrong is with me
10．It doesn’t matter I rest or not ．
A．if B．whether C．that D．when
11．The trouble is we are short of tools ．
A．what B．that C．how D．why that
12．That is there appears a rainbow in the sky ．
A．what B．when C．why D．however
13． I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind．
A．That , that B．Which , what C．What , what D．What, why
14．It is possible he misunderstood I said．
A．that ,that B．what, what C．what , that D．that , what
15．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ．
A．which B．that C．when D．/
16．The fact he is an orphan is well known．
A．wha B．that C．which D．/
17． I was free that evening
A．It happened to B．It happened that C．That happened D．It was happened that
18． I will accept the gift is none of your business．
A．If B．Whether C．What D．Which
19． I have will be yours sooner or later ．
A．No matter what B．No matter whatever C．Whatever D．That
20．He always thinks he can do more for the people．
A．of how B．how C．of that D．why
21． in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ．
A．It says B．It is said C．It has said D．He is said
22．We think it important college students should master at least one foreign language ．
A．which B．that C．what D．whether
23．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain．
A．what B．all what C．that D．which
24．The town is no longer it was ten years ago．
A．which B．that C．what D．when
25． told yuou that was lying ．
A．who B．whoever C．Anyone D．The person
26．Word came I was wanted at the office．
A．which B．why C．that D．whether
27． nothing to do with us ．
A．What he did is B．What he has done C．What did he do D．What he has done has
28．The problem is will go ．
A．that B．that who C．who D．whoever
29． there is life on another planet is almost impossible．
A．How B．That C．Why D．Whether
30． was a well -known fact．
A．That their team was weak B．That their team being weak
C．Their team was weak D．If their team was weak
【答案】：
11 B
一、從句的種類：
Great changes have taken place in
自從1978年以來中國發生了巨大的變化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就給你寫信。
狀語從句在主句之前時一般用逗號與主句分開，如從句在主句之后則不必用標點符號。
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語
從
句
hardly…when
no sooner…than
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我剛一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我們剛到車站，火車就走了。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我們剛開始就被叫停。
hardly…when和no sooner…than的意義相當于as soon as,但只表示過去發生的事情，主句為過去完成時，從句為過去時，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時語氣強，而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝。
every time, by the time, the moment
等
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都暈船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一聽到這首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你來的時候，就會見到他。
在時間狀語從句中，不能用將來時或過去將來時，而要用現在時或過去時代替將來時。
地
點
狀
語
從
句
where
wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
無論你去哪都要遵守法律。
where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強，多用于書面語。
原
因
狀
because
I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回來晚了，因為我值班。
because用來回答why 的問題，語氣最強一般放在主句之后
語
從
句
since
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我們開始開會。
since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首
種類
從屬連句
例 句
說 明
原
因
as
As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英語懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個單詞。
從句常放在句首，說明原因，主句說明結果，常用于口語中。
狀
語
從
句
now that, seeing that
Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鑒于天氣已經晴朗，我們可以啟程了。
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鑒于他病情嚴重，我們派人去請醫生去了。
seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個事實”的意思，that可以省去。
目
的
狀
語
從
句
that
so that
in order that
lest = for fear that
I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.
我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他們比往常更加努力工作，為了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿點衣服，以免患感冒。
目的狀語從句中常用情態動詞may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在動詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標點符號
結
果
狀
so that
so…that
We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我們把收音機的音量放大，大家都聽到了新聞。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
他十分激動，以致一句話都說不出來。
so that前有逗號為結果狀語從句。
so…that的so后面跟形容詞或副詞。
語
從
句
such…that
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他說出了這么重要的理由，得到大家的諒解。
It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
這是一本十分有意思的書，大家都想看。
such…that的such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數就要用such a /an…that還可以轉換用so…that，語氣較強
種類
從屬連句
例 句
說 明
條
件
狀
語
從
句
if
unless
as/so long as
in case
so far as
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我們不怕困難，困難就算不了什么了。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我們明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
萬一我忘了，請提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
據我所知，那本書下月出版。
unless從句的謂語只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同義，unless是書面語，if…not是口語，通常二者可以換用。
條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態一般要用現在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來時。
方
式
狀
語
從
句
as
as if…
as though
Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的畫一只貓。
Do as you are told.
按照人家告訴你做的去做。
She looks as if she is ill.
看上去她好象是生病了。
He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
他的行動就好象什么也沒有發生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。
此處as譯為，按照或正如
as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣。從句中可以用現在時表示可能符合事實，也可以用虛擬語氣。
讓
步
狀
語
though
although
Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
雖然他六十多歲了，但仍開始學習法語 。
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
雖然我們干了一天活，但并不累。
在句子中一般用了“雖然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以與yet或still連用。though / although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化，后者正式多放主句的前面。
從
句
even if
even though
I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去。
even if 和even though的意思為“即使”“縱使”有退一步設想的意味，多用于書面語中。
種類
從屬連詞
例 句
說 明
讓
步
as
Child as he is , he knows a lot .
雖然他是一個孩子，但他懂得很多。
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.
雖然天氣冷，但孩子們仍在戶外玩。
as引出的狀語從句多用于書面語，它比用
though或although引導的從句，語氣強，更有表現力，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。
狀
語
從
no matter (who, what when, where which, how…)
Do it no matter what others say.
不管別人怎么說,盡管干。
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天堅持學習英語。
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.
不管誰為我處理這件事，我都將非常感激。
no matter……與 who-ever引導的讓步狀語從句意義基本一 樣，no matter……引導的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后。
句
wh－ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however)
Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
無論發生什么，我們都不要失去信心。
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
無論誰來，都會受到歡迎。
wh－ever從句中的動詞有時可以和may連用。判斷wh－ever引導的是狀語從句還是名詞性從句的一點是，名詞性從句，主句中一定有一個成分要在從句擔任，一般從句與主句之間沒有逗號。
不可將no matter與wh―ever連用
比
較
狀
語
as…as
not so/as
…as
the same
…as
such…as
Mary is as old as my sister.
瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那樣快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的書和我的一樣。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利這個工人不如彼得那樣好。
連詞表示同程度級的比較，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as
從
句
than
She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
她今年比去年進步更大。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他買的書比我買的少。
表示不同程度之比較，主句中用比較級的形容詞或副詞。
種類
從屬連句
例 句
說 明
比
較
狀
語
從
句
the more
…the more
The more you read, the better you understand.
你看的書越多，你懂得的就越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
你賣的票越多，你的收入也越多。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的進步就越大。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。
the more…the more 意思為越…越…，通常的語序為從句在前主句在后，這兩個the都是表示程度的副詞，用在比較級的形容詞或副詞前面。
句子意思明顯，句子的主語和動詞都可省略。
特
殊
形
式
的
狀
語
從
句
that
We are sure (that )the four
modernization will be realized in
我們相信四化一定會在中國實現。
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.
很抱歉，我沒有抽出時間早點給你寫信。
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。
that 引導的從句，往往跟在一個做表語的形容詞后面，從句概念上看是賓語，所以有的語法家把它看做是賓語從句，但結構上看，也可以把它看作是一個特殊的狀語從句，用來修飾表語的形容詞。這種從句的連詞常常被省略。
【專項訓練】：
Ⅰ、選擇填空：
1、You like sports I’d like to read.
A．when B．while C．but D．yet
2、 we were singing, the teacher came in.
A．Before B．after C．As D．Until
3、I was about to leave my house the phone rang.
A．while B． when C．as D．after
4、They did not stop fighting there was no enemy left.
A．until B．after C．when D．since
5、I have not seen him he went to college.
A．when B．before C．as D．since
6、It is five days we came here.
A．when B．before C．as D．since
7、It was not long he got to know it.
A．when B．before C．after D．until
8、We shall go we are free.
A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．however
9、 I live I must serve the people heart and soul.
A．When B．So long as C．As soon as D．On condition
10、I was reading a novel he was watchingTV.
A．when B．while C．before D．as
11、Put the medicine you can easily get it.
A．so that B．where C．which D．there
12、We will go the Party wants us to go.
A．wherever B．there C．to the place D．which
13、 there is a will there is a way.
A．When B．Where C．Whether D．How
14、I am going you went last week.
A．where B．wherever C．when D．the place
15、 you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind.
A．Where B．Wherever C．Whatever D．However
16、 weather permits, we’ll have an outing.
A．For B．Though C．While D．If
17、You won’t succeed harder.
A．unless you will work B．unless you work C．unless you don’t work D．if you won’t work
18、I wonder if he us, and I think if he us we’ll be able to complete the task ahead of time.
A．helps, helps B．will help, helps C．helps, will help D．will help, will help
19、I don’t like to be interrupted if I .
A．speak B．will speak C．am speaking D．spoke
20、If you this experiment you will understand the theory better.
A．will be doing B．have done C．will have done D． would do
21、I would like to do it I like it.
A．since B．because C．because of D．now that
22、 everybody is here, Let’s set off.
A．Since B．Because C．For D．After
23、It was he was ill that he was absent yesterday.
A．because B．as C．since D．now that
24、 it is raining, we had better take a taxi.
A．For B．As C．Because of D．When
25、“Why can’t you do it now?”“ I’m too busy.”
A．Since B．As C．Because D．For
26、He must have passed this way, here are his footprints.
A．since B．because of C．now that D．for
27、 everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting.
A．Now that B．Because C．For D．When
28、His speech made deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.
A．such a B．so a C．so D．such
29、They worked hard they finished their work ahead of time.
A．so B．so that C．such that D．so as to
30、He was weak he couldn’t stand up.
A．such, that B．so, that C．very, that D．so, as to
31、The foreigner spoke his interpreter could hardly catch his words.
A．such fast that B．so fast C．so fast that D．so fastly that
32、The book is it gives a wrong idea of the facts.
A．so writing that B．such written that C．such writing that D．so written that
33、The house cost we didn’t buy it.
A．so much money that B．so many money that
C．such much money that D．such many money that
34、It is all of us can do it.
A．so easy exercise that B．such easy an exercise
C．such easy exercise D．so easy an exercise that
35、She has she remembers all the names of the students she has taught.
A．so good memory that B．such a good memory that
C．such good memory that D．good memory
36、They stopped at Tianjing they might visit the TV tower.
A．so B．because C．so that D．in order
37、We all got up early we might start at six.
A．in order that B．in order to C．so D．so as to
38、Let the dog loose so that it have a run.
A．should B．must C．could D．need
39、 clearly so that your teacher you correctly.
A．Write, can understand B．Having written, can understand
C．To write, could understand D．Writing, will understand
40、He started early so that he there in time.
A．could get B．got C．had got D．would have got
41、 it was late , she went on working.
A．Though B．Because C．Since D．Whether
42、 we fail , we trying.
A．Even if , don’t stop B．Even though, won’t stop
C．Even, will not stop D．Even although, shall never stop
43、 the pain was bad, he did not complain.
A．Although, but B．Though, but C．Though, yet D．Even, still
44、 physics, he likes maths better.
A．As he much likes B．Much as he likes C．Much likes as he D．Likes much as he
45、 telephones, tell him I’m out.
A．No matter whoever B．Who C．Whoever D．Anyone
46、We’ll carry the reform to the end happens.
A．no matter how B．whatever C．anything D．no matter which
47、It takes time to go there by plane than by ship.
A．far fewer B．far less C．much fewer D．more less
48、He is taller than in his class.
A．others B．all the students C．any other one D．the other
49、 it was finished in time.
A．As the work was difficult B．Difficult as the work was
C．Difficult as was the work D．As was the work difficult
50、I am sorry I have caused so much trouble.
A．that B．for C．as D．since
51、 he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.
A．Every times B．one time C．Every time D．Once a time
52、I’ll tell him about it I see him.
A．as soon as B．so soon as C．while D．as
53、I had hardly sat down the telephone rang
A．than B．when C．as D．after
54、Sit you like.
A．where B．at the place C．as D．wherever
55、 he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.
A．Since B．As C．For D．Because of
56、All plants need air they need water.
A．like B．as if C．as D．so
57、Work hard you can succeed.
A．in order to B．so that C．for fear that D．in case
58、If you I will go with you.
A．go to B．went C．will D．should go
59、The hard he works, he will make.
A．the greater B．the greater progress C．and the more D．more
60、 we have thought it over , we’ll take steps.
A．Till, not B．When , no C．Until, any D．Until, no
Ⅱ、改錯
1、It won’t matter even he refuses.
2、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, when in fact only a few people had heard of it .
3、He realized that his house must have been broken into the minute he got home and saw that everything was in a mess.
4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it .
5、No matter if he is free, he must go to the library.
6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.
7、Next time that I plan to travel in London, I’m going to take a plane.
8、I’m not going to talk on the point any further, though it is neither important nor very interesting.
9、Much since I like all the books, I can’t afford to buy them.
10、Alic was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of a shop.
11、It has been two and a half months ago since he left.
12、Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time.
13、The test shows that Jack has a much quicker mind than any student in his class.
14、He left for Guangzhou by train last Monday. He ought to have arrived, I think..
15、They wrote to the boss in order they could improve their working conditions.
16、He goes fishing wherever he has time, which is not often.
17、I don’t know when he comes tomorrow . If he comes , let me know at once.
18、When you read a book, you’d better make a mark that you have any questions.
19、Ships are much more slower than planes that few people take them on business.
20、She has such little education that she is unfit for the job.
【答案】：
Ⅰ、1、 B 2、C 3、B 4、A 5、D 6、D 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、B 11、B 12、A 13、B 14、A 15、B 16、D 17、B 18、B 19、C 20、B 21、B 22、A 23、A 24、B 25、C 26、D 27、A 28、A 29、B 30、B 31、C 32、D 33、A 34、D 35、B 36、C 37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A 41、A 42、B 43、C 44、B 45、C 46、B 47、B 48、C 49、B 50、A 51、C 52、A 53、B 54、D 55、B 56、C 57、B 58、C 59、B 60、D
Ⅱ、1、even后加if 2、when―while 3、minute―moment
4、whenever―wherever 5、if ―whether 6、when ―since
7、that去掉或改為when 8、though―because 9、since―as
10、then―when 11、ago去掉 12、but去掉
13、any 后加other 14、Ö 15、order 后加that 16、wherever―whenever
17、第一個comes―will come （賓從時態不限） 18、that―where
19、more去掉 20、such―so
十、“It”的用法和“There be”結構
知識要點：
一、代詞it
用 法
例 句
代替前文提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞。
This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.
這是一本新詞典，我昨天買的。
Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?
湯姆上月入伍了，你知道這事嗎？
代替指示代詞，起著this或that的作用
Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 這是你的汽車嗎？不是。
What’s that?―It’s a video. 那是什么？它是一臺錄像機。
Whose room is this?―It is theirs.這是誰的房間，是他們的。
指明某人或某物的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒
Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 誰在那兒？是我。（是約翰）
Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill.
去看看是誰來的電話，是比爾。
The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely.
格林家有一個新生嬰兒。它很可愛。
指時間，距離，自然現象（天氣，氣候，明暗）量度，價值等
It’s Sunday today. 今天是星期天。
It’s three months since he came here.
自從他來到這里，已經三個月了。
How far is it to the Great Wall .到長城有多遠？
It’s getting dark. 天快黑了。
―How much is the coat? ―It’s ninety dollars.
這件衣服多少錢？九十美元。
二、引導詞it
用 法
例 句
形
代替不定式短語
It is up to you to decide. 這事要由你決定。
It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.
聽說你恢復了健康，這使我很高興。
式
主
代替動名詞短語
It’s no good smoking. 吸煙沒有好處。
It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.
用整夜的時間來研究那個問題是值得的。
語
代替主語從句
It doesn’t matter what you do. 你干什么都沒有關系。
It seems that everyone has known the news.
好象大家都知道這個消息。
形式
代替不定式短語
I consider it better to be early.
我認為能夠早一些更好。
We found it impossible to get there before July .
我們覺得，要在七月以前到達那里是不可能的。
賓語
代替動名詞短語
We thought it no use doing that.
我們認為做那事沒有用。
代替賓語從句
The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .
老師清楚地指出，每個人都應該按時交作業。
強調句型：It is (was) +被強調部分+ that (who) + 其它
強調
部分
例 句
說 明
主
語
It is I who am to blame. 是我該受責怪。
It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.
昨天來的是你叔叔。
原句的謂語動詞如果是現在或將來時態用It is …that(who)如果原句謂語動詞是過去時態，則用It was…that(who)。在
賓
語
It was a new pen that Mother gave me .
母親給我的是一支新鋼筆。
強調時間，地點，原因或方式時不要用when, where, how, 必須用that。
地點
It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.
我把雨傘就落在了教室里。
狀
時間
It is at eleven that the train leaves.
火車是在十一點鐘離開。
方式
It was just as he ordered that I acted.
我正是照他吩咐的那樣做的。
語
原因
It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.
正是因為他處境困難我才盡力幫助他。
賓
補
It was red that we painted the gate.
我們把門油漆成紅的顏色。
It was chairman that they elected him .
他們選他擔任的是主席的職務。
there be結構
三、it在強調結構中
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基本句型 結 構 例 句
there
肯定句 there be +主+其它 There is a map on the wall.
墻上有張地圖。
be
否定句 there be + not +主+ There is not a map on the wall.
其它 墻上沒有地圖。
結構
一般疑問句 be + there +主+其 Is there a map on the wall?
它 墻上有地圖嗎？
肯定與否定 Yes ,there is . No, there isn’t.
回答 是的，有 不，沒有
特殊疑問 特殊疑問詞+ be + ―How many maps are there on the wall?
句及回答 there +主+其它 墻上有多少張地圖？
―There are two. 有兩張
注1：
There be 句型也可以由其它動詞代替be，常用的詞有seem to be , happen to be ,appear to be, used to be 等詞組或用live, come, stand, lie, occur, exist, flow等動詞。
There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs.
好象我們隊很有希望打敗他們隊。
Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
從前有一位老漁夫住在海邊的一個村子里。
注2：
There be 之后如有幾個并列主語時，用is或用are要取決于第一個主語是單數還有復數，單數用is,復數則用are.
There is a pen, a pencil and two books on the desk.
桌上有一支鋼筆，一支鉛筆和兩本書。
There are two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk.
桌上有兩本書，一支鋼筆和一支鉛筆。
【專項訓練】
it的用法
1、“Do you like fish?”“Yes, I like .”
A．× B．it C．that D．them
2、 today?
A．How is it B．What is it C．What is it like D．How is the weather.
3、“Do you want a watch?”“ .”
A．Yes, I want it . B．Yes, I want one. C．No, I’ve got it. D．No, I’ve got the watch.
4、“Whose exercise-book is that?” “ hers”
A．That is B．This is C．It’s D．Its
5、 won’t take long to get to Shanghai by air.
A．That B．He C．It D．This
6、What he has done helps us a lot, ?
A．isn’t he B．doesn’t he C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it
7、We all thought no use doing that.
A．it B．that C．this D．there
8、I took it for granted you would come to our party.
A．when B．why C．for what D．that
9、How happy to be able to study and live together with you!
A．that will be B．is it C．will it be D．it will be
10、I thought it to be .
A．him B．he C．its D．she
11、 very foolish of you to say so.
A．It’s B．Its C．That’s D．This
12、It’s not his habit for things.
A．asks B．ask C．to ask D．asked
13、It has been a great honour coming to visit me.
A．they B．you C．she D．he
14、I found to hear what he said.
A．that difficulty B．it difficulty C．that difficult D．it difficult
15、He is fifty , but doesn’t
A．look at it B．look for it C．look it D．look him
16、It was who telephoned me yesterday.
A．him B．his C．himself D．he
17、The sentence is wrong.
A．its B．it C．itself D．it’s
18、 is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment.
A．It B．This C．That D．There
19、It seems John’s not coming after all.
A．this B．that C．if D．to
20、 was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.
A．It B．This C．That D．Such
21、Was the room the famous writer had ever lived in?
A．that, it B．it , that C．it , where D．that, which
22、 is said that he has been to many places in the United States.
A．This B．He C．It D．That
23、What you want me to do?
A．it is B．that C．is this D．is it that
24、Is not important who will go?
A．it B．that C．this D．×
25、Why is it everyone thinks he’s a thief?
A．because B．as C．when D．that
26、 being Sunday, the library was closed.
A．What B．It C．That D．This
27、Is believed he is ill?
A．it, that B．he, that C．it, if D．he, for
28、 is known to us Mary dances best.
A．She, × B．It, that C．It, she D．She, who
29、“What’s this?”“ a flag.”
A．This is B．That’s C．It’s D．Its
30、Jack is ill. Have you heard about ?
A．him B．it C．this D．that
There be 結構
31、Is a typewriter in the room?
A．he B．there C．it D．has
32、There’s no one in the house, is ?
A．it B．he C．there D．they
33、 must be something wrong.
A．It B．He C．There D．They
34、 there anyone around?
A．Was B．Were C．There D．Has
35、 used to be a church round the corner.
A．Here B．There C．It D．It is
36、It is reported that is going to be a storm.
A．it B．there C．× D．the weather
37、There still a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation.
A．are B．were C．is D．have
38、There is a girl for the bus.
A．to wait B．waiting C．waited D．wait
39、There a pine tree at the top of the hill.
A．stands B．lies C．lives D．has
40、 will be a good film on at the Rex next week.
A．There B．It C．That D．This
改錯,下列每句所給的選項中，各有一項是錯的，請指出并改正。
41、He is certain that the
secretary will be there.
A B C
D
42、I think that a good idea to get up early.
A B C D
43、It makes me feel sad that see you.
A B C D
44、Do you find it very dull live here?
A B C D
45、It is no use to cry over spilt milk.
A B C D
46、There it must have been a mistake.
A B C D
47、There is going to have an English party at the weekend.
A B C D
48、Is there any one who waiting to see me ?
A B C D
49、There have a man sitting beyond that fence.
A B C D
50、It was a car ready for us.
A B C D
【答案】：
1、B 2、D 3、B 4、C 5、C 6、D
7、A 8、D 9、D 10、A 11、A 12、C
13、B 14、D 15、C 16、D 17、C 18、A
19、B 20、A 21、B 22、C 23、D 24、A
25、D 26、B 27、A 28、B 29、C 30、B
31、B 32、C 33、C 34、A 35、B 36、B
37、C 38、B 39、A 40、A
41、A He－it 42、B that－it 43、C that－to
44、D live前加to 45、C to cry－crying 46、B it 去掉
47、B have－be 48、C who后加is 或把who去掉
49、A have－is 50、A It －There
十一、交 際 英 語
知識要點：
一、Greeting（問候）
1、Good morning! (afternoon, evening)
2、Hello! (Hi)
3、How do you do?
4、How are you?
5、How are you getting on with your studies?
6、How's everything with you?
7、Did you have a nice holiday? (summer vacation)
二、Introduction（介紹）
A．Introduction:
1、 This is my friend, Tom..
2、Let me introuduce you to my friend, Tom.
3、May I introduce myself? I'm Tom.
4、Please allow me to introduce my friend, Tom.
5、I'd like you to meet my friend Tom.
B．Responses:
1、How do you do? Pleased to meet you. (Glad to meet you. Nice to meet you.)
2、It's my pleasure to have this chance to meet you.
三、Farewells（告別）
A．Farewells:
1、It's getting late. I must be going.
2、It's five o'clock already. I must be off now.
3、Oh, God, it's late, I've got to go.
4、It's time I was going, I'm afraid.
5、I think I must go now.
6、I think I'd better leave.
7、I'm glad to have met you.
B．Responses:
1、Come again whenever you are free.
2、If you pass my home, drop in.
3、Good night, have a nice dream.
4、Can't you stay a little longer?
5、I hope we'll meet again sometime.
A．Asking the way:
1、Can you tell me the way to the post office?
2、Is this the way to the post office?
3、Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?
4、Which is the nearest way to the post office?
5、Is the post office far from here?
6、How long will it take me to get to the post office?
7、Excuse me, is there a post office near here?
8、Excuse me, does this bus go to the post office?
B．Responses:
1、Go ahead till you come to the next crossing.
2、No, it's not far from here. It's only about ten minutes' walk.
3、It's about 200 yards down the street.
4、Take Bus No. 3 and it will take you right there.
5、Go down the street and take the second turning on the left.
五、Asking for Time and Date（詢問時間與日期）
A．Asking:
1、What time is it now?
2、What's the time by your watch?
3、What day is it today?
4、What is the date today?
5、Is your watch correct?
B．Responses:
1、It's ten.
2、It's Wednesday.
3、It's October, 8th.
四、Asking and Directing the Way（問路和指路）
4、My watch says it's 7:30.
5、My watch always keeps good time.
六、Asking about Health（詢問健康）
A．Asking:
1、How are you these days?
2、What's wrong with you?
3、Have you seen the doctor?
4、You look tired. What's wrong?
B．Responses:
1、I'm not quite myself today.
2、My stomach hurts
3、I don't feel
like eating anything today.
4、I've got a bad cold.
七、Talking about Weather（談論天氣）
1、It's a fine day, isn't it?
2、What's the temperature today?
3、What's the weather like today?
4、How is the weather?
5、What's the weather going to be like at the weekend?
6、Do you like the weather in Beijing?
7、Do you think that we are going to have snow today?
八、Invitations（邀請）
A．Invitations:
1、Would you like to come to my birthday party?
2、Will you be able to come to my birthday party?
3、I'd be very
glad if you would come to my birthday party.
4、Can you fix a time for a picnic?
5、Are you free tomorrow? What (How) about having a picnic?
6、Won't you come with me?
7、You will come to have dinner with me, won't you?
B．Responses:
1、I'd be glad to, thank you.
2、It's very kind of you to invite me.
3、I'd like to, but I'm too busy.
4、Thank you for your kind invitation, I will.
5、I'm afraid not. I will have to look after my sick mother.
6、I'm sorry, I can't. Thank you very much.
九、Making an Appointment（約會）
A．Making an appointment:
1、Are you free this afternoon?
2、How about tomorrow evening?
3、Shall we meet at 7:00 at the gate of the cinema?
4、When will you be able to see us?
5、What time can
I call on you?
6、Will you be at home next Sunday?
7、Don't forget to come to my birthday party.
B．Responses:
1、Tomorrow evening will be all right.
2、Yes, I'll be free then.
3、No, I won't be free then, but I'll be free next Wednesday.
十、Making a phone call（打電話）
A．Making a call:
1、Hello, is Mary in?
2、Hello, is that Mary speaking?
3、Can I have your telephone number, please?
4、Hello, may I speak to Mary?
5、Could you ask him to call me, please?
6、Who is it, please?
B．Responses:
1、This is Mary speaking.
2、Hold on please.
3、Mary, you are wanted on the phone.
4、Mary isn't here right now. Can I take a message for you?
十一、Shopping（購物）
A．Shop assistant:
1、What can I do for you?
2、Can (May) I help you?
3、How much do you want?
4、What about this (these)?
B．Customer:
1、I'd like to have a look at the sweater.
2、That's too expensive (dear), I'm afraid.
3、That's fine. I'll take it.
4、How much is it?
十二、Seeing the Doctor（看�。�
A．Doctor:
1、What's wrong (the matter) with you?
2、How long have you been like this?
3、Let me examine you.
4、Take this medicine three times a day.
5、Drink plenty of water and take a good rest.
6、It's nothing serious. Take it easy.
B．Patient:
1、There's something wrong with my stomach.
2、I've got a pain here.
3、I feel terrible (sick).
4、This place hurts.
5、I don't feel like eating anything.
A．Requests:
1、Can (could) you do something for me?
2、Will (would) you do something for me?
3、May I have some ice―cream?
4、Please do me a favor.
5、Please don't open the window.
6、Do (Would) you mind turning down the radio?
7、I wonder if you could lend me some money.
B．Offers:
1、Can (Shall) I help you?
2、What can I do for you?
3、Is there anything (else) I can do for you?
4、Would you like me to do this for you?
5、Would you like some help?
十四、Asking for Permission（請求允許）
A．Ask for permission:
1、May I park my car here?
2、Can (Could) I smoke in this room?
3、Do (Would) you mind if I smoke (smoked) here?
4、I wonder if I could smoke here.
B．Responses:
1、Certainly. (sure, of course), go ahead
2、Yes, please.
3、All right (OK).
4、I'm sorry, it's not allowed.
5、I'm afraid not.
十五、Advice and Suggestions（勸告和建議）
1、You'd better go to see the doctor.
2、You should do it at once.
3、Why not go on a picnic next Sunday?
4、What (How) about going there by boat?
5、Have you considered going there by boat?
6、Shall we take a walk after supper?
7、I suggest you do more reading.
8、I advise you to take more exercises.
【專項訓練】
一、Greeting
1、―Hello, Joan.
― Kate. Glad to see you.
A．Hi B．Hello C．Good morning D．How do you do
2、―Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine.
― . You look well too.
A．Great B．Thanks C．Oh, no D．Not at all
3、―How are you! Jane?
―
A．How are you, Mary? B．Fine, thanks, and you? C．All is right. D．That's good.
4、―How do you do?
― .
A．Very well, thank you. B．Why, yes. I'm fine. C．How do you do? D．What about you?
5、―How's everything with you?
― .
A．Fine, thanks B．It's all right C．Thank very much D．I'm very well
6、―How's your work going?
―
A．Not too well, I'm afraid B．Quite good. What about you?
C．Fine, how are you, then? D．Well, thanks a lot.
7、―Did you have a good summer holiday?
―Yes, thanks. Kate?
―She's OK, thanks.
A．what's is B．How is C．What's wrong D．and
8、―Glad to meet you again. How are you?
―I'm just .（老樣子）
A．my old self B．old myself C．myself old D．as old myself
9、―It's nice to see you in New York. How's your family?
― . My wife asked me to say hello to you.
A．It's very well B．They are fine C．That's all right D．They are good
10、―How's the young man?
― .
A．He's twenty B．He's a doctor C．He's much better D．He's David
11、―How on with your new job these days?
―Not bad.
A．do you get B．did you get C．are you getting D．have you getting
12、―Hello, Kate! Fancy meeting you here! Working again, are you?
―Yes, , if I want to pass the exams.
A．I've got to B．no other way C．I must do D．I have on way
13、In the evening you meet your foreign teacher walking towards the reataurant, you should say .
A．Good evening. B．Good night. C．Hello. Have you had your supper? D．Hi! Going to dinner.
二、Introduction
1、―Hi, Tom, this is my friend John.
―
A．Nice to meet you. B．How are you? C．Hi, Tom, I'm John. D．Are you Tom?
2、―Let me introduce myself. I'm Albert.
― .
A．With a pleasure B．It's my pleasure C．I'm very pleased D．Pleased to meet you
3、When you are introduced to someone, you should say
A．I'm getting on well B．I love you very much C．Fine, thank you. D．How do you do?
4、―Have you met my girl friend, Susan? Susan, this is Li.
―
A．Glad to meet you. B．Thank you. C．How are you? D．Welcome home.
5、―Please allow me to introuduce Mr. Smith, director of the department.
― （久仰大名）
A．I haven't seen you before. B．Haven't we met before?
C．I've heard so much about you. D．How do you do?
6、If Mr. Baker is here, will please make to me?
A．you, yourself know B．you, you know C．he, us know D．he, himself know
7、 Let's give him a .
A．warm welcome B．warming welcome C．warmly welcome D．warm welcoming
三、Farewells
1、―It's five o'clock already, I must be going.
―Well, come again you are free.
A．if B．whenever C．when D．while
2、―Oh, God, it's late. I've got to go.
― . Hope to see them soon.
A．Give your parents my greetings B．Remember me to your parents
C．Show my greetings to your parents D．Say hello to your parents
3、―It's time I was going, I'm afraid.
― .
A．Good evening B．Good night C．Bey―bey D．All the best
4、―Well, I'd better let you get on with your work.
― .
A．I've wasted a lot of your time B．Thank you for a lovely afternoon
C．You must be tired D．I'm sorry to trouble you
5、―I'm flying home on Sunday morning.
―I wish you .
A．a pleasant journey home B．a good trip C．good lucky D．a happy journey travel
6、―I think I must go now. See you later.
― .
A．You can go B．See you later C．Bye―bye D．So long
7、―I'm glad to have met you. Drop by sometime.
― .
A．Thank you B．Give me a call C．Thanks, I certainly will D．Take care
8、―It's very kind of you to come and see me off.
― .
A．It's my pleasure B．much better C．Don't say it D．No problem
9、―I'm going camping this weekend.
― .
A．Can you fish? B．Have a good time C．No, I'm too busy D．Don't give up now
10、―I'll go to Beijing this weekend.
.
A．You are lucky B．The best of luck C．Thank you D．Good―bye
四、Asking and Directing the Way
1、―Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
―I'm sorry, I have no idea. I .
A．don't know B．am a strager here C．am new D．just come
2、― will it take me to walk there?
― About ten minutes.
A．How far B．How long C．How much D．What far
3、―Excuse me, is there a cinema around here?
―Yes, please go , then turn right the first crossing.
A．before, on B．ahead, at C．along, of D．forward, to
4、―Excuse me, officer. I can't find the subway entrance.
―See those glass doors? Go in and you will see it on your right.
A．Can you help me? B．Where is it?
C．Show me the way? D．You are very helpful
5、―Is your school far from here?
―Not very far, .
A．it is about ten minutes' walk B．it nees to walk ten minutes
C．you need walking ten minutes D．it is about ten―minutes walk
6、―Could you tell me where the train station is?
― .
A．It's over there B．It's on the third floor C．No, I know little D．Yes, it's there
7、―Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?
―I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown works here.
A．not now B．no more C．not still D．no longer
8、―Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Sleeping Beauty Castle?
―Yes, .
A．Go down this road B． Go ahead till you see the entrance
C．It's not far from here D．You can walk there
五、Asking for Time and Date
1、― ?
―It's the third of May?
A．What day is it B．What's the date C．What's the time D．What's the clock
2、― ?
―I'm sorry, my watch has stopped.
A．When is it B．How much is it C．What is the time D．What's the clock
3、―Is your watch right?
―I think so. I set it the radio this morning.
A．to B．of C．by D．through
4、―What day is it today?
― .
A．July 27 B．Saturday C．the 27 of July D．Women's Day
5、―How long has this bookshop been in business?
十三、Requests and Offers（請求與提供幫助）
― 1982.
A．After B．In C．From D．Since
6、―When are you off?
― at 21:24.
―I hope you will have a good flight.
A．My bus leaves B．My plane takes of C．My train goes D．My coach goes
7、― will the work be ready?
― two months.
A．How long, AfterB．How often, For C．How soon, In D．How much, During
8、―Is your watch correct?
―Yes, my watch .
A．runs well B．keeps good time C．keeps right D．never stops
六、Asking about Health
1、―How's your brother these days?
―He hasn't been to well.
― What's the matter?
A．It's bad. B．I'm sorry to here that. C．Very badly. D．Why?
2、―I haven't seen Bob lately.
―As a matter of fact, he is ill.
A．Where is he? B．Why? C．How is he? D．What does he do?
3、―You sound as if you've got a cold. .
― .
―Get a good rest.
A．Yes, as if B．I've been over―working C．I don't think so D．I hope not
4、―I'm afraid I've got a bad cold.
― .
A．Never mind B．Keep away from me
C．Better go and see a doctor D．You need to take medicine
5、―John has caught a bad cold.
― .
A．It's too bad B．I don't believe it C．I'm sorry to hear that D．Take it easy
6、― , Wang?
―I've got a headache and I feel chilly.
A．What's wrong B．What the matter is C．What is matter D．How about you
7、―My stomach hurts. I feel sick.
―For safety's sake, .
A．go to see a doctor tomorrow B．Better to go to hospital
C．you'd better see a doctor at once D．Quick go to hospital
七、Talking about Weather
1、―It seems to be clearing up.
―That will be a nice change, ?
A．isn't it B．won't it C．can't it D．doesn't it
2、―How cold is it today?
― .
A．Just so―so B．not too C．It's ten below zero D．Yes, it is
3、― ?
―It's very cold and damp.
A．What's the weather B．How's the weather today
C．Is it raining last night D．Might it have rained a lot
4、―Do you like the weather in North China?
―Not really, but now.
A．I fit it B．I am used to it C．I used to it D．I agree to it
5、―I wonder what the weather is going to be like tomorrow?
― .
―That's a good idea.
A．Let's look through the paper B．Let's listen to the weather report on the radio
C．Better be care of the radio D．Pay attention to the radio
6、― .
―It certainly is. The sun is shining and there is a pleasant breeze.
―It's lovely.
A．What nice it is B．How nice it is here C．It is like spring here D．What a good day here
7、―What a nice day, isn't it?
―
A．You're right. B．Yes, isn't it? C．Yes, I agree. D．Really?
8、― ?
―Yes, a bit cold, though.
A．Cold weather, isn't it B．Bad weather, don't you think
C．Freezing, isn't it D．Nice day, isn't it
9、― today?
―It's nice and warm.
A．What's the weather B．What's the weather like
C．How is the weather like D．How does the weather look like
10、―Do you think it is going to snow over the weekend?
― .
A．I don't believe B．I don't believe it C．I believe not so D．I believe not
八、Invitations
1、―Would you like to come around for a meal on my birthday?
―Oh, yes. Thank you very much.
A．When is your birthday? B．What day is your birthday?
C．When were you born? D．What time is your birthday?
2、―Have you got anything to do tomorrow?
― .
A．Yes, a lot of B．No, I won't be busy C．Certainly have D．Oh, that's a pity
3、―Would you like to come to the cinema, Frank?
― I have to do my homework.
A．I don't, I'm afraid. B．I can't, I'm afraid. C．I'm sorry. D．Oh, pity!
4、―Helen, I'd be glad if you would come and have tea with us on Friday.
― .
A．I try to go B．Many thanks for your kind invitation, I will
C．I am very busy D．I must go
5、―How about going to "Grand" for dinner?
― . It's a long time since we had a good meal.
A．well
B．That sounds like a good idea
C．Thank you
D．But I'm too busy
6、―Do you have to go? Can't you stay and have a meal?
― I really think I must be off now.
A．I'd love to, but B．Yes, I must
C．No, I don't have to but D．Yes, I can, but
7、―Would you like to come to the party tomorrow?
― .
A．I'd like B．I like it C．I'd like to D．I'd like it
8、―Will you be able to come and see us on Friday?
― . I will have to work.
A．I believe yes B．I don't hope so C．I won't be able to D．I'm afraid not
9、―Shall I call for you of will you call for me?
―You'd better come for me, ?
A．can you B．OK C．really D．would you
10、―Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
―I'd like to, I'm too busy.
A．and B．so C．as D．but
九、Making an Appointment
1、―Good morning, I'd like to see Mr. Baker, please.
―Mr. Baker is quite busy. .
A．You can't see him B．You won't be able to see him
C．I'm afraid you won't be able to see him today. D．Please come next time.
2、―Will you be able to come to see us sometime next month?
― .
A．I believe yes B．I don't hope so C．I won't be able to D．I'm afraid not
3、―When will you be free this month, Mr. Smith?
― , maybe we'll be free next Sunday.
A．Let me be B．Let me see C．I'm afraid D．Think it over
4、―What time can I call on you?
―Any time this evening will be .
A．OK B．right C．good D．free
5、―I'm sorry to say that I can't come to your party tonight.
― ? Haven't we agreed on?
A．What is it B．What is it now C．How is it D．What do you think
6、―I have an appointment with Mr. Black. My name is John Brown.
―Ah, yes, your appointment is at 4:15. , please, Mr. Brown?
A．Wait a minute B．May you wait C．Can you wait a minute D．Take it easy
7、―I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
―Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been C．was D．will be
8、―I'll come back tomorrow evening at nine. Can you meet me at the airport?
― .
A．All right B．All right. Nice to see you C．OK, wait for me D．All right. See you then
9、―Will you be at home next Sunday?
―
A．Yes, but why? B．No, never mind. C．Not at all. D．Yes, of course not.
10、―Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
― .
A．I don't B．I won't C．I can't D．I haven't
十、Making a phone call
1、―Hello, is Henry in?
―I'm sorry, he isn't here. ?
A．What's the matter B．May I help you C．Is there anything D．Who are you
2、―Could you ask him to call me, please?
― ! What's your name, please?
A． Sure B．Oh C．Yes D．Well
3、― ?
―Sure, it's 65250786.
A．What's your telephone number B．Can I have your telephone number
C．Can I help you D．Can you make your telephone number
4、The operator put him to 65250786.
A．over B．on C．through D．in
5、―Would you please tell John I called?
― , please.
A．Hold on B．Hold up C．Hold over D．Hold out
6、―Is this number 61234567?
― .
A．No, you are wrong B．Sorry, you've got the wrong phone
C．No, you've dialed the wrong number D．No, you are right
7、―Hello. May I speak to Zhou Lan?
―Yes. .
A．My name is Zhou Lan B．I'm Zhou Lan C．This is Zhou Lan speaking D．Zhou Lan's me
8、―Do you want to have a message?
―No, thanks. I in half an hour.
A．will call again B．can call C．may phone him D．would call
十一、Shopping
1、―I'd like to buy a ten―speed bicycle.
―How about this kind of type?
― ?
A．How many is it B．How is it C．How much is it D．How expensive is
2、― do you want?
―Half a kilo, please.
A．How many apples B．What are apples C．How many apple D．How much apples
3、―What's the problem?
―I'm afraid . It's a size 12 and it's too small.
A．it don't suit B．it isn't fit C．it doesn't fit D．it isn't suit
4、―How much is the blue skirt?
―Ten dollars.
A．How many size do you want? B．What size do you take?
C．How large do you want? D．What size do you dress?
5、―What about the dark blue sweater?
―I like it, but it . You decide.
A．costs too much B．take too much C．cost too many D．spends too much
6、―Would you mind if I looked at some of your tape recorders?
― .
A．I'd better to see what the boss has to say about it B．Not at all, sir. Go right ahead
C．Thank you for your coming D．Yes, do that, sir
7、―Do you think the shirt really fits me?
― . It goes well with your tie, too.
A．Of course it does B．Yes, it does C．I am not sure D．Perhaps it does
8、―Shall I ask the shop keeper if I can .
―OK. And we'd better ask Mom whether it's cheap enough.
A．take it on B．try it on C．wear D．put it on
9、―How much did you the dress?
―We 210 yuan for it.
A．spend, pay for B．pay for, cost for C．pay for, paid D．take, pay
十二、Seeing the Doctor
1、―Well, ?
―I feel hot and feverish.
A．how do you feel like B．what's the matter with you
C．what do you feel D．what illness do you have
2、― ?
―Yes, I have. My temperature seems all right.
A．Do you know your temperature B．Have you taken your temperature
C．Have you had your temperature D．Do you have your temperature
3、―Oh, doctor. Are you sure it's nothing serious?
―Yes, . I'm sure of that.
A．he'll well soon B．he can be right quickly
C．he'll be all right soon D．he'll be good soon
4、―You haven't had your lunch?
―I had a little, but .
A．I didn't feel like eating B．I didn't feel like to eat
C．I didn't like to eating D．I didn't want to eating
5、― ?
―I'm feeling even worse after taking the medicine.
A．Are you feeling better B．How are you feeling
C．How are you getting on D．How are you going
6、―How about your headache now?
―I can't get rid of it. I don't know what's the matter.
―Take it easy. .
―Thank you, doctor.
A．Take this medicine before you go to bed B．Drink plenty of water and take a good rest
C．Take this medicine a day three times D．Go home and lie in bed for a good rest
7、―My whole body feels weak and I've got a headache.
― ?
A．How long ago did you get it this B．How long have you been like this
C．How soon have you got it D．How soon have you liked this
十三、Requests and Offers
1、―Can I count on you for help?
―
A．As you like. B．I'm sorry. C．Yes, you certainly can D．Why do you ask?
2、―Could you spare me some ink?
― .
A．Yes, of course B．Not at all C．Yes, I cold D．Never mind
3、―Let me help you carry the box.
―No, I can manage, but .
A．not at all B．it doesn't matter C．thank you just the same D．the same to you
4、―Will you make me a kite?
― .
A．I'm glad B．I'll be glad C．I'm going to glad D．I'll be glad to
5、―You seem to get lost. Need help?
―
A．Yes, would you help me with the bag? B．Yes, take me please.
C．Help me find the key, please.
D．I'm looking
for
6、―I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
―Not at all. .
A．I've no time B．I'd rather not C．I'd like it D．I'd be happy to
7、If you want to ask someone for help, which drills shouldn't you say ?
A．Could you do me a favor B．Would you do me a favor
C．May I ask a favor of you D．Can you give me a help
8、―Can I have some meat?
―Certainly, just .
A．take it as you like B．eat it as you please
C．help yourself D．help yourself at home
十四、Asking for Permission
1、―Would you mind if I played the violin here?
― .
A．No, you won't B．No, do as you please
C．Yes, I don't mind D．Yes, do as you please
2、―May I stop here?
―No, you .
A．mustn't B．might not C．needn't D．won't
3、―Shall I tell John about it?
―No, you . I've told him already.
A．needn't B．wouldn't C．mustn't D．shouldn't
4、―Can I use your tape recorder for a while?
―Yes, .
A．go ahead B．you can't broke it C．all right D．no, sorry
5、 ? I didn't quite catch you.
A．Will you please repeat it again B．Pardon
C．What did you say D．Say it again now
6、Dick wants to go to the toilet during the class. He puts up his hand and says to his teacher:
A．Excuse me, I can't stand any longer. B．Will you please let me go?
C．Please, sir, may I be excused? D．I must go outside.
7、―Can I go and have a look at it?
―Yes, of course. .
A．After me B．Come this way C．You may look D．This direction
十五、Advice and Suggestions
1、―I usually go there by train.
―Why not by boat for a change?
A．to try going B．trying to go C．to try and go D．try going
2、―I'd like information about the management of your hotel.
―Well, you could have word with the manager, he might be helpful
A．some, a B．an, some C．some, some D．an, a
3、―I'm afraid I've got a bad cold.
― .
A．Never mind B．Keep away from the medicine
C．Better go and see a doctor D．You need take a medicine
4、―I can't see the words on the blackboard.
―Perhaps you need .
A．to examine your eyes B．to have your eyes examined
C．to have examined your eyes D．your eyes to be examined
5、―Let's go and see our teacher on Teachers' Day.
A．That's will do B．That's all
C．That's all right D．All right
【答案】
一、Greetings:
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、C 5、A
6、B 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、C
11、C 12、A 13、A
二、Introduction:
1、A 2、D 3、D 4、A 5、C
6、D 7、A
三、Farewells:
1、B 2、D 3、B 4、B 5、A
6、B 7、C 8、A 9、B 10、B
四、Asking and Directing the Way:
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、A
6、A 7、D 8、B
五、Asking for Time and Date:
1、B 2、C 3、C 4、B 5、D
6、B 7、C 8、B
六、Asking about Health:
1、B 2、C 3、B 4、C 5、C
6、A 7、C
七、Talking about Weather:
1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、B
6、B 7、B 8、D 9、B 10、D
八、Invitation:
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、B
6、A 7、C 8、D 9、B 10、D
九、Making an Appointment:
1、C 2、D 3、B 4、A 5、C
6、C 7、A 8、D 9、A 10、B
十、Making a Phone Call:
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、C 5、A
6、C 7、C 8、A
十一、Shopping:
1、C 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、A
6、B 7、A 8、B 9、C
十二、Seeing the Doctor:
1、B 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、B
6、A 7、B
十三、Requests and Offers:
1、C 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、D
6、D 7、D 8、C
十四、Asking for Permission:
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、A 5、B
6、C 7、B
十五、Advice and Suggestions:
1、D 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、D
知識要點：
在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動名詞（the Gerund）；現在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。
1、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有：
1）如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
2）都可以被狀語修飾：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
3）都有主動與被動, “體”式（一般式；進行式；完成式）的變化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（謂語動詞被動語態）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（動名詞的被動式）
We have written the composition.（謂語動詞的完成時）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（現在分詞的完成式）
4）都可以有邏輯主語
They started the work at once.（謂語動詞的邏輯主語）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（動詞不定式的邏輯主語）
We are League members.（謂語動詞的主語）
We being League member, the work was well done.（現在分詞的邏輯主語）
2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有：
1）非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用（如動詞不定式和動名詞），在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
2）非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。
3）非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。
（二）非謂語動詞的句法功能：
一、非謂語動詞種類及句法功能
（一）概述：
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句子成分
非謂語
主語
表語
賓語
補語
定語
狀語
同位語
不定式
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
動名詞
ü
ü
ü
（極少）
ü
ü
現在分詞
ü
ü
ü
ü
過去分詞
ü
ü
ü
ü
（一）動詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1、不定式的形式：
主 動
被 動
一般式
to write
to be written
進行式
to be writing
/
完成式
to have written
to have been written
否定式：not + (to) do
1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之后，例如：
I’m glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
2）進行式：不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2、不定式的句法功能：
1）作主語：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用形式主語it作形式主語，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
2）作表語：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
3）作賓語：
常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面，例如：
Marx found it important to
study the situation in
動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
4）作賓語補足語：
在復合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語，如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema.
有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態時，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
5）作定語：
動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關系：
A）動賓關系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應有必要的介詞，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者，不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：
Have you got anything to sent?
Have you got anything to be sent?
B）說明所修飾名詞的內容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
C）被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：
He is the first to get here.
6）作狀語：
A）表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right: To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
B）表結果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強調：I visited him only to find him out.
C）表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
D）表程度：
It’s too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
7）作獨立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。
If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
9）不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）動名詞：
動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。
1、動名詞的形式：
二、非謂語動詞用法：
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語 態
式
主動語態
被動語態
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
否定式：not + 動名詞
1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。
2）被動式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀請就來到了晚會。
3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。
4）完成被動式：
He forgot having been taken to
5）否定式：not + 動名詞
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。
6）復合結構：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動名詞
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。
2、動名詞的句法功能：
1）作主語：
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。
當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。
It’s no use quarrelling. 爭吵是沒用的。
2）作表語：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產卵。
3）作賓語：
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個例句。此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發現取笑他人不好。
要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認），deny（否認）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…（from）,protect…from,set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
4）作定語：
He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你們學校有游泳池嗎？
5）作同位語：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收聽收音機新聞節目的習慣仍未改變。
（三）現在分詞：
現在分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。
1、現在分詞的形式：
現在
及 物 動 詞 write
不及物動詞go
分詞
主動語態
被動語態
主動語態
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone
否定式：not + 現在分詞
1）現在分詞的主動語態：現在分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生，常作狀語。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業，他開始打蘭球。
2）現在分詞的被動語態：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作，完成式表示發生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。
2、現在分詞的句法功能：
1）作定語：現在分詞作定語，當分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前，如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中，他學習更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。
現在分詞作定語相當于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改為the man who is speaking.
2）現在分詞作表語：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示現在進行時，也可能是現在分詞做表語，它們的區別在于be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與現在分詞構成系表結構。
3）作賓語補足語：
如下動詞后可跟現在分詞作賓語補足語：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。
4）現在分詞作狀語：
A）作時間狀語：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。
B）作原因狀語：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團員，他經常幫助他人。
C）作方式狀語，表示伴隨：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
D）作條件狀語：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。
E）作結果狀語：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結果摔得粉碎。
F）作目的狀語：
He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。
G）作讓步狀語：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
H）與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經賣光了，他們失望地離開了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。
有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。
H）作獨立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細心。
（四）過去分詞：
過去分詞只有一種形式：規則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規則要求，要一一記住。
過去分詞的句法功能：
1、過去分詞作定語：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。
注意當過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當于一個被動語態的定語從句。
2、過去分詞作表語：
The window is broken. 窗戶破了。
The were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。
注意be + 過去分詞，如果表示狀態是系表結構，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態。區別：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被動）
有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（開水） fallen leaves（落葉）
newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽）the changed world（變了的世界）
這類過去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3、過去分詞作賓語補足語：
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。
有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。
4、過去分詞作狀語：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間）
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 雖然被告之危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進山洞。
5、過去分詞與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的書期末時都還了，圖書管理員很高興。
The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他開始撒種子。
非謂語動詞用法對比
知識要點：
1、動名詞做主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。例如：
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有關兒童健康的信息是他的工作。
It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 與一位有經驗的老師討論這個問題是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主語的句型有：
（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有：
It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
It’s worth while doing.
1、不定式做表語常表示謂語動詞所表示動作之后發生的動作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他這節課的教學目的是要訓練學生說的能力。
2、動名詞做表語是對主語內容的解釋，這時主語與表語位置可以互換，動名詞常用于口語中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蟻后）的專職工作是產卵。
3、現在分詞做表語表示主語的性質與特征；進行時表示正在進行的動作。
The task of this class is practising the idioms. （現在分詞做表語）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （現在進行時）
4、常用作表語的現在分詞有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。現在分詞表示進行與主動。
The joke is amusing .這笑話很逗人。
The problem is puzzling. 這個問題令人不解。
5、過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的被動狀態或完成某動作的狀態。而被動語態表示主語所承受的動作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（過去分詞做表語）
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被動語態）
He is well educated.（過去分詞做表語）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被動語態）
常用在句中做表語的過去分詞有：used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下動詞的現在分詞與過去分詞用法不同：interest（使…感興趣），surprise（使…吃驚），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…興奮），tire（使…疲勞），please（使…滿意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…滿意），amuse（使…娛樂），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…歡欣鼓舞），worry（使…憂慮）
它們的現在分詞常修飾物（有時修飾人），表示主動，過去分詞常修飾人，表示被動（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：
Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。
They are very tired. 他們很疲勞
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
三、不定式與動名詞做賓語：
1、下列動詞跟不定式做賓語：want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列動詞或動詞短語后用動名詞做賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等動詞后跟不定式與動名詞意義不同，不定式表示謂語動詞之后的動作，而動名詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.
He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我發信。）
I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永遠也忘不了在一個普通信封上發現了那枚珍貴的郵票。
Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，記得給我們寫信。
I don’t remember meeting him. 我不記得見過他。
I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加你的生日晚會了。
They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他們后悔同意這個計劃。
He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他盡力假裝與朋友分享歡樂。
She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她試著看看小說，但也不能使她忘記傷心事。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我沒有企圖傷害你。
A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不圖回報地幫助別人。
4、動名詞作need, want, require, be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）這臺洗衣機需要修理。
The point wants referring to. 這一點要提到。
This English novel is worth reading. 這本英文小說值得一讀。
The situation in Russian required studying. 俄國形式需要研究。
1、以下動詞后跟不定式做賓語補足語：ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid
The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 醫生囑咐他再臥床休息幾天。
We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做賓補。）
2、有些動詞后的復合賓語用不帶“to“的不定式，這些動詞有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：
We noticed him enter the house. 我們留意到他進了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板讓他們一天干12小時工作。
注意當make、have不做“迫使、讓”講，而做“制造、有”解時，跟帶有to的不定式做狀語。
Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 媽媽做了一個蛋糕給他慶賀生日。
He had a meeting to attend. 他有個會要開。
3、下列動詞后的復合賓語用分詞做賓補：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用現在分詞還是用過去分詞做賓補，要看分詞與賓語的關系。例：
We heard him singing the song when we came in. 當我們進來的時候，聽見他正唱那首歌。
We have heard the song sung twice. 我們聽過這首歌唱過兩遍了。
五、非謂語動詞做定語：
1、不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發生的動作或過去的某一特定動作。例如：
He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他沒有房子住卻有好多活要干。
Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我們班長是第一個到的。
2、動名詞與現在分詞做定語的區別：
動名詞做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞進行的動作。
a walking stick 拐杖（動名詞做定語，意為a stick for walking）
a sleeping car 臥鋪車廂（動名詞做定語，意為a car for sleeping）
the rising sun 正在升起的太陽（現在分詞做定語，意為the sun which was rising）
the changing world 變化中的世界（現在分詞做定語，意為the world which is changing）
3、現在分詞與過去分詞做定語的區別：過去分詞做定語表示完成或被動的動作，現在分詞做定語表示主動或進行的動作。如：
a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）
in the following years 在后來的幾年中（意同in the years that followed）
a well dressed woman 衣著講究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）
a car parked at the gate 停在門口的小汽車（意同a car which was parked at the gate）
六、不定式與分詞做狀語：
1、不定式做狀語，只表示目的、結果或原因：
He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙趕到家中，發現錢被盜了。（結果狀語）
To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 為了被聽清楚，他提高了嗓門。（目的狀語）
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的進步，我們都很吃驚。(原因狀語)
2、分詞做狀語可表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式：
Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 從山上看，這座城市很美。（條件狀語）
Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 當走進房間時，他發現父親生氣了。（時間狀語）
Being tired, they went on working. 雖然累了，但他們繼續工作。（讓步狀語）
Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那個小男孩哭了。（原因狀語）
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一個手指放進嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來挺高興。（伴隨狀語）
【專項訓練】：
1、They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.
A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow
2、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.
A．so not as to B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to
3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.
A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest
4、The next morning she found the man in bed, dead.
A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying
5、Only one of these books is .
A．worth to read B．worth being read C．worth of reading D．worth reading
6、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed .
A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch
7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting
8、She didn’t remember him before.
A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met
9、 ――Good morning. Can I help you?
――I’d like to have this package , madam.
A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed
10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.
A．followed B．following C．to be followed D．being followed
11、The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind.
A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
12、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.
A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy
13、The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.
A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing
14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed
15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.
A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing
16、I would appreciate back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling
17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes .
A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening
18、 a reply, he decided to write again.
A．Not receiving B．Receiving not C．Not having received D．Having not received
19、Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.
A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented
20、 “Can’t you read?” Mary said to the notice.
A．angrily pointing B．and point angrily C．angrily pointed D．and angrily pointing
21、Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.
A．ride, ride B．riding, ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding
22、The missing boys were last seen near the river.
A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play
23、The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A．having added B．to add C．adding D．added
24、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written
25、We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met
26、――You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
――Well, now I regret that.
A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done
27、The patient was warned oily food after the operation.
A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating
28、 in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A．Losting B．Having lost C．Lost D．To lose
29、――Is this raincoat yours?
――No, mine there behind the door.
A．is hanging B．has hung C．hangs D．hung
四、不定式與分詞在句中做賓語補足語：
30、The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing
31、We saw the bird flap its wings and away.
A．fly B．flied C．flew D．flying
32、I insisted that the dictionary to be bought at once.
A．refers to B．refer C．referred D．referring
33、 , ice will be changed into water.
A．Heating B．Heated C．If heating D．To be heated
34、The foreigner seemed his way.
A．to be losing B．to have misse C．to have lost D．missed
35、Don’t leave me alone at home.
A．to stay B．stay C．staying D．stayed
36、Whatever must well.
A．is to be done, be done B．are to do, do C．is to do…be done D．are to be done, do
37、The officer ordered the wounded soldier at once.
A．to operate B．be operated C．was operated on D．to be operated on
38、With the walls white , the room seems larger.
A．painting B．painted C．to be painted D．has been painted
39、――Can I help you?
――I’d like to have the shoes , for they are a bit smaller.
A．changing B．changed C．to be changing D．be changed
40、On hearing the news, the woman stood there .
A．frightened B．frightening C．to frighten D．to be frightened
41、 the train, they decided to wait for another.
A．Missed B．Missing C．Having missed D．Being missed
42、There no bus, I had to walk home.
A．is B．was C．were D．being
43、At present, there is a new airport and supermarket in the south of the town.
A．built B．to be built C．being built D．is being built
44、The young man told the doctor that he didn’t need his heart .
A．having, checked B．to have, checked C．having, to check D．to have, to check
45、Try the back door if nobody answers the front door.
A．to knock at B．knocking at C．and knock at D．and knocking at
46、We have to do something to stop wild animals .
A．killing B．to be killed C．being killed D．to kill
47、 , we plan to hold a class meeting.
A．Time permitting B．Time permits C．If time is permitted D．Time permitted
48、With the boy the way, the soldiers got to the position in time.
A．led B．leading C．being led D．was leading
49、The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him without delay.
A．to weave B．to be woven C．to have woven D．to be weaving
50、Look at his look. It seems as if he had met a tiger.
A．frightened, frightening B．frightening, frightened
C．frightened, frightened D．frightening, frightening
51、 , the players began the game.
A．Having taken our seats B．Taking our seats
C．After we took our seats D．Being taken the seats
52、 him before, she didn’t know he was her uncle.
A．Not having seen B．Having not seen
C．Not seeing D．Not being seen
53、 many times, but he made the same mistake again.
A．Having been told B．Although he had been told
C．He had been told D．Having told
54、The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold water.
A．boiled B．boiling C．to boil D．having boiled
55、The little boy entered the classroom without .
A．noticing B．noticed C．being noticed D．notice
56、We’re considering English in pairs after class.
A．practising speaking B．practising to speak
C．to practise speaking D．to practise to speak
57、 the mixture, the teacher showed it around the classroom.
A．To see B．More students to see
C．For more students to see D．Seen
58、I apologize for my promise.
A．not to keep B．being kept C．not having kept D．having not kept
59、The book on the desk to her.
A．lying, belonging B．lay, belong
C．lying, belongs D．being lie, is belong
60、 , Mary had to stay at home to look after her.
A．Being ill B．To be ill C．Her mother was ill D．Her mother being ill
61、 much English troubled him a lot.
A．His not knowing B．Not he knowing
C．His having not known D．His not known
62、He won’t attend the meeting unless to give a speech.
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．he will be invited
63、He got the first and won the prize as .
A．expected B．expecting C．to be expected D．expect
64、He stood there with his eyes me.
A．fixing B．fixing on C．fixed to D．fixed on
65、Mother warned him after drinking.
A．to never drive B．never to drive C．never driving D．never drive
66、I remember something like that.
A．that he say B．him to say C．his saying D．him having said
67、Did you smell something ?
A．burnt B．to burn C．to be burning D．burning
68、Because of air pollution, this city is no longer .
A．a good place to live in B．a good place for living in
C．a good place to live D．a good place to be lived in
69、Let the day .
A．to be remembered B．remembered C．be remembered D．remember
70、His parents , the orphan is now taken care of by the villagers.
A．dead B．dying C．have died D．having died
71、Would you be to do me a favour?
A．as good as B．so good as C．enough good D．good enough as
72、He had us all through the party.
A．laughing B．to laugh C．laugh D．laughed
73、The nurse suggested the old man , for he had a long time to wait.
A．to sit down B．sit down C．would sit down D．sat down
74、Those who have questions , raise your hands.
A．asked B．ask C．asking D．to ask
75、This room is used food.
A．to store B．storing C．to storing D．stored
76、We can’t keep our eyes to all this.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut D．shutted
77、I don’t feel like to the cinema.
A．go B．going C．gone D．to go
78、 you the truth, I don’t like the design he offered.
A．Tell B．Told C．Telling D．To tell
79、 at the station, they found the train .
A．Arriving, going B．Arrived, go C．Arriving, gone D．Arrived, gone
80、What he said made us .
A．to surprise B．surprise C．surprising D．surprised
[答案]：
1、A 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、D 6、C
7、A 8、A 9、D 10、B 11、D 12、A
13、B 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、A 18、C
19、A 20、A 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、D
25、C 26、D 27、C 28、C 29、A 30、C
31、A 32、C 33、B 34、C 35、C 36、A
37、D 38、B 39、B 40、A 41、C 42、D
43、C 44、B 45、B 46、C 47、A 48、B
49、B 50、A 51、C 52、A 53、C 54、A
55、C 56、A 57、C 58、C 59、C 60、D
61、A 62、A 63、A 64、D 65、B 66、C
67、D 68、A 69、C 70、D 71、B 72、A
73、B 74、D 75、A 76、A 77、B 78、D
79、C 80、D
十三、The Sentences
知識要點：
句子按使用的目的可分為四類：
1、陳述句 2、疑問句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句
從結構上看句子可分為三種類型：
1、簡單句 2、并列句 3、復合句
1、陳述句：
（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我們熱愛祖國。
（2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。
說明：敘述或否定一個事實或看法。
2、疑問句：
（1）一般疑問句：
Are you a worker? 你是個工人嗎？
Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你沒看過這部電影嗎？沒看過。
說明：以一個助動詞，情態動詞或動詞be開始的問句�；卮鹨脃es或no。
（2）特殊疑問句：
Who is the man? 這人是誰？
When do you watch TV? 你什么時間看電視？
What are they doing now? 他們現在正在干什么？
說明：以一個疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語序（或稱為疑問詞加一般疑問句）
（3）選擇疑問句：
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他學日語還是學法語？他學法語。
說明：提出兩個或兩個以上的情況，選擇一個作為答案。
（4）反意疑問句：
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他們要去機場，是嗎？
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你沒做完作業，是嗎？
說明：提出情況或看法問對方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個簡短的疑問句，即前面句子肯定，后為否定；前面句子否定，后為肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十點鐘上床睡覺？是嗎？
He knows little Russian, does he? 他幾乎不懂俄語，是嗎？
說明：當陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時，附加問句用肯定形式。
（5）祈使句：
a．陳述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八點鐘一定要到那兒。
b．否定句：Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 別擔心，我會幫助你的。
說明：表示命令，請求，叮囑，號召等，謂語動詞用原形。
（6）感嘆句：
what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化��！
What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！
how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！
how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！
How time flies! 時間過得多么快呀！
How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子��！
說明：表示說話時驚異，喜悅，氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。
二、句子的類型（Types of Sentences）
1、簡單句的句子的類型：一個主語+一個謂語，例：
The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天彈鋼琴。
兩個主語+一個謂語，例：Tom and I are good friends. 湯姆和我是好朋友。
一個主語+兩個謂語，例：He opened the door and left. 他打開門出去了。
兩個主語或兩個謂語或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited
their friends. 史密斯夫婦去市場，買了些水果，并看望了朋友。
結構特殊：只含有一個詞或一個詞組，例：
Hello! 喂！
Help! Help! 救命��！救命！
Many thanks. 萬分感謝。
2、簡單句的基本句型（The
Basic Sentence Patterns）
句型結構：
（1）主語+不及物動詞：S + Vi.，例：
Birds fly. 鳥飛 They disappeared.
他們消失了。
（2）主 + 連系動詞 + 表語：S + V + P，例：
She is a university student. 她是一名大學生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。
（3）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語：S + Vt + O，例：
He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
We help each other. 我們互相幫助。
（4）主 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語：S + Vt + O + O，例：
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報。
（5）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 補語：S + Vt + O + C，例：
They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八點前準備好。
注：S = Subject（主語）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物動詞）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物動詞）P=Predicative（表語）O=Object（賓語）C=Complement補語
重點、難點：
否定陳述句要注意下列幾點：
（1）否定陳述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 構成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意義的副詞也可構成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
（2）其他成分的否定形式
有些句子的結構上屬于肯定式，但含有否定意義的詞，可分以下幾種。
否定的主語：
Nobody will agree with you. 沒人同意你的意見。
None of the students like the novel. 沒有學生喜歡這本小說。
No student here studies Russian. 這里沒有一個學生學俄語。
否定的賓語：
We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我們什么都看不見。
He will borrow the book from nobody. 他從誰那都借不來這本書。
You must remember not to be late for class. 你必須記住上課不準遲到。
否定的狀語：
They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是騎車來的而是走著來的。
We could find him nowhere. 我們什么地方也找不到他。
（3）不定代詞all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句時，表示部分否定。
All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )
這里的樹并非都是蘋果樹。（有的是蘋果樹，有的不是。）
Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)
這姐兒倆并不都是護士。
Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )
并不是人人都能做這件事。
【專項訓練】：
一、陳述句和疑問句：
1、They happy when they hear the news.
A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t
2、―― “ Is your uncle a driver?”
―― “ .”
A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my anut is C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does
3、We satisfied with their work.
A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being
4、He coffee at all. He tea.
A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer
C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of
5、She me only twice since last year.
A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen
6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city.
A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives
7、You make such mistakes again.
A．should never B．should not always C．would always not D．would not forever
8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ .”
A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t
9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .”
A．I cycle there B．I walk there C．to the work D．I’ve already been there
10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it.
A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk C．usually is drunk D．drank usually
11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .”
A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike
12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball.
A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is
13、When home from work?
A．do your parents come B．does your parents come C．have your parentsD．our parents come
14、Which of the students the examination?
A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed
15、They trouble lifting the heavy box.
A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot of C．didn’t have much D．haven’t a great deal of
16、―― “Did you have breakfast this morning?
―― “ .”
A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have.
17、 colour is the cover of the dictionary?
A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose
18、 “ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”
A．What time B．How long C．When D．How many times
19、There are many pictures on the wall.
do you like best?
A．What B．Which one C．Which of the picture D．Which one picture
20、Since when her?
A．did you know B．have you known C．do you know D．you know
21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “ .”
A．Yes, it is B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t
22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “ .”
A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not wait C．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back
一、句子的種類（Kinds of Sentences）
23、 “ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”
A．Which number B．What number C．What size D．What
24、 “ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.”
A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which
25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ?
A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not
26、 is the distance between these two villages?
A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much
27、 do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.
A．How many time B．How much C．How long D．How often
28、How it in English?
A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak
29、 is the population of the city?
A．How much B．How many C．How D．What
30、 did she get this information?
A．Whom B．Who C．Where D．What
31、 does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.
A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive
32、About do you want to know more?
A．Whom B．who C．which D．what
33、――We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
――What do you suppose to her.
A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened
34、――Have you heard the news about Jim?
――No. What ?
A．is it B．it is C．are they D．they are
35、――Would you rather go there by train or by air?
―― .
A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’t C．Yes, by air D．By air
36、 I go or you go yourself?
A．Will…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall
37、――Do you think the question easy or not?
―― .
A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy
38、Shall we stay at home or to the park?
A．to go B．going C．go D．will go
39、 writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?
A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which
40、―― was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?
――It was open to traffic in 1968.
A．What B．What time C．How long D．When
41、 from Beijing to London!
A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is
C．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it
42、Oh, John, you gave us!
A．How a pleasant surprise B．How pleasant surprise
C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise
43、 terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A．How a B．What a C．How D．What
44、 girl she is!
A．What bright a B．How a bright C．How bright a D．What a bright
45、 we have today?
A．How fine day B．What fine day C．How a fine day D．What a fine day
46、How flowers are!
A．beautiful B．beautifully C．beautiful the D．beautiful that
47、How !
A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time
48、What work he does!
A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest
49、 careful our monitor is!
A．How a B．How C．What a D．What
50、 advice he gave us!
A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How
51、 picture it is!
A．What wonderful B．How a wonderful C．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a
52、 I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!
A．How do B．What do C．What D．How
53、 hardworking students they are!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
54、 long time it lasted!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
55、 down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room.
A．Turning B．To turn C．Turn D．Turned
56、Let’s football in the street.
A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing
57、 careful when you cross the street.
A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do
58、 the child all day long!
A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cry C．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry
59、 afraid of make mistakes!
A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not
60、 me again before coming.
A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call
61、You’d like some coffee, ?
A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you
62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ?
A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I
63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .
A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they
64、His father knows little about it, he?
A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t
65、We all like reading story books, ?
A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you
66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she?
A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t
67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you, he?
A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．already, did D．never, did
68、Be sure to write to us, ?
A．will you B．aren’t you C．would you D．can you
69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, you?
A．do you B．will you C．would D．can
70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ?
A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we
71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she?
A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t
72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ?
A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it
73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ?
A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there
74、He comes late sometimes, ?
A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he
75、――You are not a new comer, are you?
―― . I came here only yesterday.
A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not.
76、She could hardly believe it, ?
A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she
77、You needn’t go, ?
A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you
78、You must work hard from now on, ?
A．can you B．won’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you
79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you?
A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t
80、He must have left home yesterday, he?
A．hasn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ?
A．am I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I
82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, you?
A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t
83、You need to come earlier, you?
A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t
84、You dare not go alone, you?
A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t
85、He shouldn’t drink so much, he?
A．should B．ought C．would D．will
86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ?
A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it
87、I’m late for the meeting, ?
A．amn’t I B．aren’t I C．don’t I D．aren’t you
88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ?
A．does he B．doesn’t he C．do they D．don’t they
89、None of the workers attended the party, ?
A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they
90、Everything is right here, ?
A．isn’t it B．aren’t they C．are they D．is it
91、A lovely day, ?
A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it
92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ?
A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it
93、My sister often needs help with her study, ?
A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she
94、You should have watered the flower earlier, ?
A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t you D．haven’t you
95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ?
A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
96、What a pretty girl, ?
A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she
97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ?
A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he
98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ?
A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I
99、Let us do it for you, ?
A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we
100、They have to face the difficulty, they?
A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t
【答案】：
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A
7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A
13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D
19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A
25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C
31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C
37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C
43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B
49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B
55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D
61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B
67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B
73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C
79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C
85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A
91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D
97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B
名詞性從句
【專項訓練】：
1、It doesn’t matter I rest or not.
A．if B．whether C．that D．when
2、 I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind.
A．that, that B．which, what C．what, why D．what, that
3、 I was free that day.
A．It happened to B．It happened that
C．That happened D．It was happened that
4、He you are not going abroad.
A．surprised that B．is surprised whether
C．is surprised that D．surprised at
5、I wonder how much .
A．cost the coat B．does the coat cost
C．the coat costs D．the coat is cost
6、 I have will be yours sooner or later.
A．No matter what B．Whatever
C．Whether D．That
7、 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.
A．It says B．He is said C．It has said D．It is said
8、 we go swimming every day us a lot of good.
A．If, do B．That, do C．If, does D．That, does
9、Is this we met them last night.
A．where B．place C．place in which D．place which
10、We all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.
A．where B．wherever C．that D．that wherever
11、I think it is you’re eating too much.
A．that B．because C．the reason D．for
12、It is said has been translated into French.
A．that that B．which C．that D．that which
13、It is still a question we shall have our sports meet.
A．why B．that C．when D．which
14、It’s not yet clear of those will be chosen to go abroad.
A．that B．which C．whom D．who
15、These pictures show you .
A．What does our village look like B．What our village looks live
C．How does our village look like D．how our village looks like
16、Can you make sure the gold necklace?
A．where Alice had put B．where did
C．where Alice has put D．where has
17、Go and get your glasses. It’s you left it.
A．there B．where C．there where D．where there
18、――Do you remember he came?
――Yes, I do. He came by train.
A．how B．when C．where D．that
19、 we can’t get seems better than we have.
A．What, what B．What, that C．That, that D．That, what
20、Mother asked me .
A．what was wrong with me B．what’s wrong with me
C．what wrong was with me D．what wrong is with me
21、 they have won the game made us excited.
A．/ B．That C．What D．Where
22、 I accept the girl or refuse it is none of your business.
A．If B．Whether C．Even if D．When
23、 he says in his report is a very interesting question.
A．What all B．All what C．What D．What that
24、When they will start not been decided.
A．have B．is C．does D．has
25、 certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
A．That is B．This is C．It is D．It has
26、 is unknown to us all.
A．Where did she put it B．Where she put it
C．That where she put it D．In which she put it
27、 nothing to do with us.
A．What she did have B．What she did is
C．What did she do has D．What she has done has
28、The trouble is we are short of hands.
A．what B．that C．how D．which
29、Energy is makes things work.
A．what B．everything C．something D．that
30、My hometown is not it used to ten years ago.
A．when; do B．what; do C．what; be D．when; be
31、The reason I have to go is my mother is ill in bed.
A．why; why B．why; because C．why; that D．that; because
32、The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.
A．which B．that C．when D．so that
33、That is I lost my pen.
A．when B．where C．that D．what
34、Have you any idea ?
A．how fast does light travel B．how quick light travels
C．how soon light travels D．how fast light travels
35、His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.
A．that we go B．which we should go
C．that we would go D．we would go
36、He was interested in he had seen at the exhibition.
A．which B．that C．all what D．all that
37、He often thinks of he can do more for his country.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
38、He made quite clear that he wouldn’t change his mind.
A．this B．that C．it D．what
39、He got angry with was against his opinion.
A．whom B．who C．whoever D．anyone
40、I don’t know .
A．what was the matter outside B．what the matter outside was
C．what was outside the matter D．what was happened outside
41、He has come, but I didn’t know that he until yesterday.
A．is coming B．will come C．was coming D．wasn’t coming
42、He ran back into the room to see if he anything behind.
A．has forgotten B．had forgotten C．has left D．had left
43、The news he died in the battle has got round in the village.
A．that B．which C．what D．this
44、 you say, I wouldn’t allow you to do that.
A．What B．Which C．Whatever D．However
45、We are wondering our teacher will come to the party or not.
A．if B．that C．why D．whether
46、 he has been getting on well with his studies makes all of us happy.
A．Which B．How C．What D．That
47、That is he failed to arrive on time.
A．where B．whether C．why D．when
48、We finally found out to him.
A．what had happened B．what has happened
C．which took place D．what has been taken place
49、No one knows when and where .
A．was she born B．did she come from
C．she work
一、選擇填空：
17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A．on which B．where C．in that D．during which
18、The train she was travelling was late.
A．on that B．for which C．on which D．which
19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.
A．on which B．that C．when D．where
20、I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need.
A．that, that B．which, that C．where, which D．in which, /
21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.
A．on which B．on that C．in which D．which
22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?
A．why B．which C．for that D．for why
23、Is some German friends visited last week ?
A．this school where B．this school one C．this the school D．this school
24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.
A．whose B．which C．who’s D．who
25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?
A．which you talked B．that you talked C．about that you talked D．you talked about
26、This is one of the best films this year.
A．which has been shown B．that have been shown
C．that have shown D．have been shown
27、Do you know the man ?
A．that I spoke B．I spoke to C．to who I spoke D．whom I spoke
28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.
A．two-thirds in which B．two-thirds in them
C．two-thirds of them D．of whom two thirds
29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.
A．neither of them B．none of them
C．neither of which D．none of which
30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.
A．by it B．through which C．with that D．in which
31、Do you know the reason he was late?
A．for which B．for what C．which D．that
32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
A．As B．That C．What D．Which
33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.
A．who B．what C．that D．as
34、They’re invented me to their party, is kind of them.
A．this B．that C．which D．as
35、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.
A．this B．that C．which D．as
36、There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.
A．as B．where C．which D．that
37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.
A．who B．when C．where D．which
38、Next month, you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.
A．which B．that C．when D．/
40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.
A．that B．when C．who D．which
Ⅱ、Fill in the blanks：
1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .
2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.
3、This is the boy father died three years ago.
4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?
6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded.
7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.
8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.
9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.
10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.
11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.
12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.
13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy.
14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.
15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.
16、He was often late, made his teacher very angry.
17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?
18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
Ⅲ、correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:
1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.
2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.
4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.
6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.
7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.
8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.
9、This is the room which food is kept.
10、April 15, 1976 is the day when we’ll never forget.
11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.
12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .
13、This is all which I can do for you.
14、Can you think of anyone who’s house was here?
15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.
16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.
17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.
18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.
19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?
20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.
21、A plane is a machine can fly.
22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.
23、Those that want to go put up your hands.
24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.
25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?
【答案】:
Ⅰ、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A 5、A
6、D 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、C
11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D 15、C
16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C 20、D
21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、D
26、B 27、B 28、D 29、C 30、B
31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C 35、C
36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B 40、A
Ⅱ、1、who / that 2、which / that 3、whose 4、which / that
5、who / that 6、when 7、which / that 8、where
9、which 10、whom 11、which 12、where
13、when 14、which 15、who 16、which
17、that 18、that
Ⅲ、1、where―that 2、where―which 3、√
4、when―that / which 5、that―where 6、去掉there
7、that―why 8、that―which 9、which―where
10、when―which / that 11、man后面加who 12、students后面加who
13、which―that 14、who’s―whose 15、去掉it
16、were―was 17、which―when 18、have―has
19、whom―who 20、that―where
21、machine后面加which / that 22、which―that
23、that―who 24、that―which 25、whom―that
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