6．(四川省綿陽南山中學高2009屆雙學月考)（Ⅰ）
1918年，Lewis提出反應速率的碰撞理論：反應物分子間的相互碰撞是反應進行的必要條件，但并不是每次碰撞都能引起反應，只有少數碰撞才能發生化學反應。能引發化學反應的碰撞稱之為有效碰撞。
⑵ 20世紀30年代，Eyring和Pelzer在碰撞理論的基礎上提出化學反應的過渡態理論：化學反應并不是通過簡單的碰撞就能完成的，而是在反應物到生成物的過程中經過一個高能量的過渡態。
7. 一定條件下，體積為10L的密閉容器中，1mol X和1molY進行反應：
A. 若升高溫度，X的體積分數增大，則該反應的
B. 將容器體積變為20L，Z的平衡濃度變為原來的
C. 若增大壓強，則物質Y的轉化率減小
D. 以Y濃度變化表示的反應速率為
1. 書面表達熱點預猜
假設你是李紅，你的一位美國筆友Robert寫E-mail問及你高考后暑假的安排，請根據以下要點，寫一封100詞左右的email回復他, 可以適當增加細節。
1. 學開車 2. 參加英語培訓課程
3. 去北京看奧運會 4. 游覽北京的名勝
注意：1.根據以上內容寫一篇短文，不要逐句翻譯，可適當增加細節以使行文連貫.2.要準確使用語法和詞匯；使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思；3. 詞數：100個左右。開頭已給出，不計詞數。
Dear Robert,
How time flies!
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
【命題方向與寫作提示】高考英語書面表達寫作素材都是與中學生的日常生活相關的話題，會避免出現考生不熟悉的話題，也不會出現農村或城市學生不熟悉的話題，注重考查考生的語言表達能力。本篇素材考查書信體裁的作文，是應用文的寫作，話題涉及社會熱點：北京奧運會，內容與中學生的實際生活相關：高考后暑假的安排，體裁是書信體的電子郵件。寫作要點包括：1）問候；2）引入話題：高考臨近，高考后的安排；3）學開車；4）參加英語培訓課程；5）去北京看奧運會；6）游覽北京的名勝；7）結束語。
【寫作提示】書面表達一定要注意要點齊全，寫作中要注意適當增加細節以使上下文連貫，并使用一定數量的句式結構。
范文 (One possible version)
Dear Robert:
How time flies! The happy days we shared often shines in my memory.
What about you? As you know, my college entrance exam is approaching, which
also announces the end of this sort of pressing study life. However，I intend to have a meaningful summer vacation. First, I will learn
to drive to get a driving license, which is a new activity for a high school
graduate in China. I will have a good rest, enjoying my hobbies. Then I will
take some English courses to improve my English communication ability, With the
2008 Olympics beginning, I will be a participant of it, watching the basketball
match between China and the US. I have been dreaming of Kobe’s performance
long. After that, I will pay a visit to some tourist attractions to widen my
horizon.
That is the plan for my vacation. I am looking forward to being told
about your arrangements of vacation. Give me your quick reply soon, OK?
Best wishes!
2. 書面表達熱點預猜（2）
如今世界糧食短缺，價格飛漲，給部分地區造成社會動蕩。假設在你校開展的研究性學習中，你們小組以“World Food Crisis”為題進行研究，現在請你代表你們小組向全體同學簡要介紹你們的研究成果。主要內容如下：
造成的原因 1. 氣候變化，造成糧食減產
2. 工業發展，城市化加速，耕地減少
3. 世界能源價格上漲，使用糧食生產生物燃料
應對的措施 1. 注重環保，改善生態
2. 嚴格保護耕地
3. 富國支持窮國，促進世界和諧
你如何做出
自己的貢獻 1．……
2．……
注意：1. 內容包括以上要點，但不要逐句翻譯
2. 字數150左右，文章開頭已提供，不計入總詞數
3. 參考詞匯：城市化 urbanization 生物燃料 biofuels
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project The World
Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many
countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
【命題方向與寫作提示】這是一篇提綱式的議論文寫作素材，探討國計民生的社會熱點話題：糧食價格上漲。寫作時要注意避免逐句翻譯，并適當增加細節以使行文連貫。
范文 (One possible version)
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project The World
Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many
countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. But who is
responsible for the current world food crisis? First, annual world grains
output has declined because of climate change. Then lots of farmland has been
lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced
with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels,
which has worsened the severe situation.
Then what should we do to deal with the problem? On one hand, we
should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the
other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. Of course, to
build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their
responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.
As for me, I will call on the
people around me to live thriftily. And for the moment, I think, we should study
hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.
3. 書面表達熱點預猜（3）
下表是某校關于中學生雙休日活動現狀的一份調查，請結合表格內容，用英語寫一篇120―150單詞的短文，就中學生應如何過雙休日發表你的看法。
學習情況 幾乎都在學習 半天學習半天活動 幾乎都在做其他事情
16% 24% 60%
娛樂休閑 體育活動 游玩和購物 上網看電視
20% 40% 40%
去圖書館 經常 偶爾 幾乎沒有
5% 23% 72%
課外興趣小組 經常 偶爾 不參加
10% 20% 70%
范文 (One possible version)
This form displays the
result of a survey on how to spend students’ weekend. It says that few students
are glued to their schoolwork any more. Instead, they prefer to surf on the
internet, watch TV, go shopping rather than involve in sports games. Library
and interest groups are available but not favourable.
Personally I think,
students are now freed from heavy burden but their spare time is not well
arranged. They are expected to spend some time on what they learn instead of
hanging out. More time should be spent not only on green field but also in the
libraries to build up themselves physically and mentally. Besides, more
interest groups should be established for students to widen their horizon and
sharpen their brains so that they can become more creative eventually. All
these will contributes a lot to a well-informed and highly qualified teenager.
In conclusion, students
should be more scheduled with colorful and fruitful activities.
4. 書面表達熱點預猜（說明文）
假如你是李明，你發現部分同學每次遇到重要考試，都會出現一些焦慮癥狀。請你用英語寫一封信，向某學生英文報編輯反映該問題。信的內容應包括下列要點：
焦慮癥狀 建 議
頭暈、乏力、睡眠不好、食欲不振等 1．考前制定好合適的復習計劃
2．考試期間正常作息
3．睡前洗熱水澡、喝熱牛奶等有助于睡眠
其他建議(內容由考生自己擬定)
注意：1.根據以上內容寫一篇短文，不要逐句翻譯，可適當增加細節以使行文連貫。
2.要準確使用語法和詞匯；使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思；
3. 詞數：100個左右。開頭已給出，不計詞數。
參考詞匯：頭暈―dizzy(adj.)
Dear editor,
I’m Li Ming of Senior
Three, Guangming Middle School. I’m writing to tell you about some symptoms of
anxiety among us students before exams. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Li Ming
范文 (One possible version)
I am Li Ming of Senior
Three, Guangming Middle School. I am writing to tell you about some symptoms of
anxiety among us students before exams.
Most of us feel nervous
whenever we’re taking an important exam. Some will feel dizzy or tired, some
will suffer from lack of sleep, and some will lose their appetite. In fact, all
these symptoms have terrible effects on our exams and we are all eager to get
rid of them.
First of all, in my
opinion, it’s important for us to have a fight attitude towards exams. They are
only a means of checking how we are getting along with our studies, so there is
no need to worry too much about the results. Study hard every day and make
careful plans for every exam. In this way we can avoid suffering from the
pressure of exams.
Besides, enough sleep can
make us energetic and enable us to perform well in an exam. Therefore, during
the period of exams, we should not stay up too late. We can also try a warm
bath or a cup of warm milk before going to bed. They might help us to have a
sound sleep.
(We’d better go out for a
walk or do some outdoor exercises before and during an exam so that we can keep
ourselves relaxed and then concentrate ourselves on exams.)
5. 書面表達熱點預猜（5）
在緊張的高三備考階段，英語老師為了提高復習效率，廣泛征求學生意見。假如你叫張華，請根據以下提示，給英語老師寫封信，表達你們的需求和建議。
●適當放慢進度，留出思考時間
●反復訓練重要、易錯知識點
●指導方法
●減少作業量以保證質量
●給予更多鼓勵
注意：1.根據以上內容寫一篇短文，不要逐句翻譯，可適當增加細節以使行文連貫。
2.要準確使用語法和詞匯；使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思；
3. 詞數：100個左右。開頭已給出，不計詞數。
Dear Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you
are willing to share our views.
In the course of the
general revision, what we need is solid foundation.________________
范文 (One possible version)
Dear Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you
are willing to share our views.
In the course of the
general revision, what we need is solid foundation. As you know, we didn’t
learn well enough in the first two years, so please slow down and make sure we
have really mastered something. Besides, we need a little more time to think
for ourselves. As for those important points which also make us confused, would
you please give us more practice in case we forget? Meanwhile, we need your instruction,
for example, in how to write in natural English. I still have another request:
assign us less homework in order that we can do it more efficiently.
By the way, we often feel
frustrated, which has a very bad effect on our study. We would appreciate it if
you would give us some encouragement from time to time.
6. 書面表達熱點預猜（記敘文，圖表作文）
假如你是中學生李華，你校同學上周末剛舉行了一次英語演講比賽，請根據下表內容，用英語寫一封信給遠在美國的筆友John，介紹這次活動的情況。
時間 地點 演講者 評委 觀眾
上周六上午 學校操場 每班2名選手，共20人 5位英語
試題詳情
閱讀理解 人物故事類押題
【押題1】Would you believe that the first outstanding
deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Clerc. He became
a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America's
first school for the deaf.
Laurent Clerc was born in a small
village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785. When
he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense
of smell.
At 12, Laurent entered the Royal
Institution for the Deaf in Paris
where he excelled in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to
stay on as an assistant teacher.
Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of
educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to
London, England to seek ideas on how to
teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who
invited him to go to Paris
to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school
where Laurent Clerc was teaching. Gallaudet accepted the offer. The two worked
and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked
Clerc to come with him. Clerc accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America
only a short time.
The two men set sail on June 18,
1816. The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean
took 52 days; however, Clerc and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Clerc
studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school
for the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many
conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they
founded a school for the deaf in Harford,
Connecticut.
At the school, Clerc led a busy
life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he
taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
In 1819, Clerc married Eliza
Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from
teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on
July 18, 1869 in the United
States.
1. Why
did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to London?
A. He needed to finish his studies
to become a minister.
B. It was the easiest way to get
to France.
C. He wanted to study their system
of deaf education.
D. He wanted to marry Alice
Cogswell.
2. From
the information in this passage we can infer that__________.
A. Laurent Clerc was an
intelligent man
B. Clerc had difficulties learning
language
C. Clerc married Eliza in order to
get his Green Card
D. Clerc was paid well because he
made such important contributions to society
3. On
their trip from Paris to America, Clerc and Gallaudet
___________.
A. played cards and socialized
B. studied and discussed their plans
for a deaf school
C. founded a school for the deaf
D. Gallaudet studied English and
Clerc studied Sign Language
4. Which
is the right order of the things Clerc did？
A. met Gallaudet, moved to America, got married, went to school in Paris.
B. met Gallaudet, went to school
in Paris, moved to America, got married.
C. went to school in Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to America, got married.
D. got married, went to school in Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to America.
5. The
main idea of this passage could best be stated as_________.
A. Clerc managed his time well,
and was able to teach a lot of information in a short period of time
B. Thomas Gallaudet was indebted
to Clerc for all that he taught him
C. Clerc preferred teaching deaf
students to hearing students
D. Clerc, an educated Frenchman,
had a great impact on American Deaf Education
【押題理由】高考閱讀理解題中人物傳記類文章很常見。在選材時，不僅注重名家的生平，也關注與名人生活、事業息息相關的人或事，當然，也不乏一些介紹普通人學習、生活和工作等的故事。本文在命題方面突出高考命題的靈活性：既注重特定細節的準確理解，又注重推理判斷題的考查，同時涉及了事情先后順序的排列，體現了命題的多樣性。
【試題解析】1. C
第四段“he was concerned about the lack of
opportunities for deaf people in America和he
went to London to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people.”與C項表達雖然不同，但意思基本一致。
【考場秘招】細節題都可以從原文中找到答案，只不過為了迷惑考生，常常將原文進行改寫，換一種說法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而與原文意思相同的，才是正確的。
2. A 推理判斷題�？梢杂门懦ń獯鸫祟}，B項不可能，Clerc懂法語、手語、還在旅途中學習英語；C項文中既沒有說明為什么與Eliza結婚，更談不上當時是否有“綠卡”。D項沒有足夠的信息推斷掙錢多少。根據文中“an excellent teacher, learned many different
language，succeeded in school”等信息可以推斷he was an intelligent man。
3. B 細節理解題。根據第6段中“they studied English and Sign
Language, and discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open.”可以確定答案是B。
4. C 邏輯順序題。根據第3段Clerc went to school in Paris.、第五段became Gallaudets Sign Language teacher、第六段in 1816, after the two men studied together
in Paris 和最后一段in 1819, Clerc got married.可確定其先后順序C項正確。
【考場秘招】做這類題，先找出最早的一個時間和事件，把它作為事件發生的具體點，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案。
5. D 主旨大意題。全文圍繞Clerc和他對美國聾兒教育的影響，所以D項正確，而A項面太窄，B項偏離主題，本文針對的不是Thomas Gallaudet，C項文中根本沒提到偏愛做一名教師。
【押題2】Years ago a John
Hopkin's professor gave a group of graduate students this task: Go to the
slums(貧民窟). Take 200 boys, between the
ages of 12 and 16, and research into their background and environment. Then
predict their chances for the future.
The students, after
consulting social statistics, talking to the boys, and compiling(匯編) much data, concluded that 90 percent of the boys
would spend some time in prison.
Twenty-five years
later another group of graduate students was given the job of testing the
prediction. They went back to the same area. Some of the boys―by then men―were still there, a
few had died, some had moved away, but they got in touch with 180 of the
original 200. They found that only four of the group had ever been sent to
prison.
Why was it that these
men, who had lived in a breeding(滋生) place of crime, had such
a surprisingly good record? The researchers were continually told: "Well,
there was a teacher..."
They pressed further,
and found that in 75 percent of the cases it was the same woman. The
researchers went to this teacher, now living in a home for retired teachers.
How had she exerted(發揮) this remarkable
influence over that group of children? Could she give them any reason why these
boys should have remembered her?
"No," she
said, "no I really couldn't." And then, thinking back over the years,
she said amusingly, more to herself than to her questioners: "I loved
those boys."
1. What were a group of graduate students instructed to do?
A. To research into
the living conditions of the poor citizens.
B. To foretell what
the future might have in store for poor kids
C. To study 200 boys
between 12 to 16 and predict their future.
D. To survey the
background and environment of 200 teenagers.
2. Seeing only four boys with bad records, the researchers probably felt
______.
A. relieved
B. surprised
C. disappointed
D. frustrated
3. Most of the 200 surveyed boys grew into good citizens because
_________.
A. their parents were strict
with them
B. they had great ambition
as children
C. they were expected
to do good deeds
D. a woman teacher
loved and cared them
4. What conclusion can we draw from the story?
A. Love can work
miracles.
B. Like teacher, like
pupil.
C. Adversity leads to
prosperity.
D. Nothing is
difficult to the man who will try.
【押題理由】人物故事類題材是一直高考的重點內容，本文講述對200名生活在貧民窟的男孩的生活進行追蹤調查的故事，趣味性強，難度適中，非常切合高考閱讀取材。
1. C 細節理解。根據第一段內容可知，教授給研究生布置的任務是調查在貧民窟生活的200個男孩的家庭背景，并預測他們的未來。
2. B 推理判斷。根據第四段中的“a surprisingly good record”一句可知，調查的結果使研究者感到意外。
【考場秘招】解答推理判斷類試題時，要從文中找到設題的句子或段落，在四個選項中找到與原句意思相符的陳述。
3. D 推理判斷。根據文章的最后兩段，200名生活在貧民窟的男孩健康成長的原因是一位女教師對他們的關愛。
4. A 主旨大意。本文給我們的啟示是：愛可以創造奇跡。一位女教師的愛感化了她的學生，影響那些在貧民窟的男孩有積極的人生態度。
【押題3】Once I spoke at a high school. After the speech,
I was asked to see a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he
had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him.
I agreed.
He was Matthew. When he was born, the doctor
told his parents that he would not live to see five, then they were told he
would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I
was a gold-medal weight lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles(障礙) and going for my dreams.
I spent over an hour talking
to Matthew. Never once did he complain. He spoke about winning and succeeding
and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He just
talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weight
with me.
When we finished
talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and
put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about
success and overcoming obstacles（障礙）
than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it
back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I
get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”
Last summer I got
the news that Matthew had passed away and a letter Matthew had written me a few
days before:
Dear Rick,
My mom said I should send you a thank-you letter for the
picture you sent me. The doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any
more. But I still smile as much as I can.
I told you some
day I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal. But I know now I’ll never
make it. But I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to
Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to
you.
Thank you for loving me.
Your friend,
Matthew
1. The boy wished to
meet the author because ________.
A. he admired the author very much
B. he wished to take part in the Olympics
C. he hoped to make friends with the author
C. he enjoyed going in for weighting
lifting
2. Which of the
statements is TRUE?
A. Matthew was good at weight lifting.
B. Rick had the similar disease as a
child.
C. Matthew remained optimistic in face of
disease.
D. Rick encouraged the boy to become a
champion.
3. Why did the boy
refuse the author’s medal?
A. He thought he was not worthy of it.
B. Rick looked on the medal as treasure.
C. The gold medal was very dear to Rick.
D. He didn’t want to be pitied by others.
4. What can be inferred
from Matthew’s letter?
A. Rick was unhappy before death.
B. Rick kept in touch with Mathew.
C. Mathew sent some pictures to Rick.
D. Mathew got an Olympic gold medal.
【押題理由】記敘文是閱讀理解部分必考的內容，特別是具有深厚思想內涵的文章，以達到通過閱讀對考生進行人文熏陶的目的。本文即是勵志的記敘文，體現出了這一命題原則的導向性。
1. A 細節理解。第二段中的最后一句表明答案為A。
試題詳情
2 NO2 ΔH>0
，隔一段時間對該容器內的物質進行分析，得到如下數據：
⑶ 過渡態理論認為，催化劑改變反應速率的原因是改變了反應的途徑，對大多數反應而言主要是通過改變過渡態而導致有效碰撞所需要的能量發生變化。請在圖Ⅱ中作出NO2和CO反應時使用催化劑而使反應速率加快的能量變化示意圖；
，經60s達到平衡，生成0.3molZ。下列說法正確的是
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m