20.The 11billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed."But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right?Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect:it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The study's authors,Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick,begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive,they actually feel worse,not better.If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein,you're just underlining his faults.In one 1990s experiment,a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled.When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy,they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment,Wood,Lee and Perunovic measured 68students'self-esteem.The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes.Every 15seconds,one group of students heard a bell.When it rang,they were supposed to tell themselves,"I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation.In fact,their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group,who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them.In the fighting,we not only often fail but can make things worse.Meditation (靜思) techniques,in contrast,can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger,more realistic perspective.Call it the power of negative thinking.
(Note:Answer the question or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12WORDS)
78.The self-help industry is based onthe concept of positive thinking.
79.The finding of the Canadian researchers is thatencouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
80.From the experiment of Wood,Lee and Perunovic,we know thatforcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
81.From the last paragraph,we know thatmeditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀.文章開頭提出了一個問題"鼓勵一個人積極向上總是會有好的結果嗎",作者通過一個研究說明這樣做未必會有我們預料的結果.文章最后提出了一種新的心理治療方式--Meditation (靜思).
解答 78.the concept of positive thinking 信息提取題.根據第一段The 11billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed.可知自助產業是依據積極思維的概念建立的.故該處填the concept of positive thinking.
79.encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good 信息轉換題.根據第二段Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect可知研究人員發現試圖讓人們更積極地思考或許會產生相反的效果.之后,作者在下一段又再次強調了這一觀點"older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive,they actually feel worse,not better.".故該處填encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
80.forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem 概括總結題.根據第四段Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation.In fact,their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group,who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.可知這個實驗告訴我們:強迫一個人思考積極地想法可能會降低他們的自尊.故該處填forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
81.meditation 信息提取題.根據最后一段 Meditation (靜思) techniques,in contrast,can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger,more realistic perspective.可知靜思技術,相比之下,能教人把自己的缺點變成一個更大的,更現實的視角.所以靜思是一種好的心理治療方式.故該處填meditation.
點評 本文考察學生對上下文的理解概括能力,首先通讀全文了解文章的整體大意,再針對性地找出有關語句進行分析,最后進行歸納總結,找出答案.